M D Ferrari

..At recommended doses, almotriptan 12.5 mg, eletriptan 80 mg and rizatriptan 10 mg provided the highest likelihood of consistent success...

..The results suggest that a combination of (possibly migraine attack-related) hypoperfusion and embolism is the likeliest mechanism for PC infarction in migraine, and not atherosclerosis or small-vessel disease...

..We found that even typical TACs can be caused by an underlying lesion. Clinical warning signs and symptoms are relatively rare. We recommend neuroimaging in all patients with a TAC or TAC-like syndrome...

..Patients and physicians appear to have reservations about initiating this treatment option. This paper explores the opinions, motives and expectations of patients regarding prophylactic migraine therapy...

..We investigated whether this gain-of-function mutation changed the structure and function of trigeminal neuron P2X3 receptors that are thought to be important contributors to migraine pain...

..5 mg provide the highest likelihood of consistent success. Sumatriptan features the longest clinical experience and the widest range of formulations. All triptans are contra-indicated in the presence of cardiovascular disease...

..These differ, to greater or lesser degrees, on a range of clinical attributes important for treatment selection...

..At present, there is no scientific support to advise patient to treat early. Patients should be advised to take their medication as soon as they are sure they are developing a migraine headache, but not during the aura phase...

..Triptan trials have similar designs, facilitating meta-analysis; this will provide a foundation for using triptans in clinical practice...

..Haplotype analysis did not reveal an obvious disease haplotype, and SSCP analysis of all 47 exons of the CACNA1A gene did not reveal a causative mutation. CH in this family is not caused by mutations in the CACNA1A gene...

..It will also facilitate the often difficult differential diagnosis from other causes of transient hemiparesis...

..2 channels, and hampers that of Ca(v)2.3 channels. This is the first report directly showing at single synapses the deficits and plasticity in transmitter release resulting from the Ln mutation of Cacna1a...

..In this 7-year follow-up study, we aimed to determine whether there are associations between the different radiologic hallmarks in CADASIL and decline in specific cognitive domains...

..This finding may have important implications for the understanding and treatment of this dramatic syndrome...

..1 channels and show that the resulting altered neurotransmitter release is not associated with morphological changes at the NMJ or muscle weakness, not even in the longer term...

..To investigate the co-occurrence of migraine and depression and assess whether shared genetic factors may underlie both diseases...

..Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether these lesions are progressive and have relevant (long-term) functional correlates...

..These results also suggest that CACNA1A mutation scanning is indicated in patients with a severe neurological phenotype that includes paroxysmal (alternating) hemiplegia...

..This study clearly demonstrates that the availability of multiple families better reflects the full clinical spectrum associated with FHM1 mutations...

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..No mutations were found. The SLC1A3 EAAT1 glutamate transporter gene does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of AHC...

..We will review these studies and discuss the possible implications for the understanding of migraine pathophysiology...

..Many CFH patients have a comorbid chronic condition requiring daily medication. Both high headache frequency and comorbidity contribute to the low quality of life in these patients...

..Identification of the HVR gene will improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of HVR, Raynaud's phenomenon and migraine...

..Mean jitter did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects or among patients. No blocking was found. The results suggest that neuromuscular function is normal in FHM...

..This study shows that functional consequences of alpha(1A) mutations causing cerebral disorders can be characterized at the NMJ...

..Our study shows that three autosomal dominant vasculopathy syndromes with prominent cerebroretinal manifestations map to the same 3-cM interval on 3p21, suggesting a common locus...

..Most attention will be paid to the genetic relationship between these two paroxysmal disorders...

..We performed a mutation analysis of the ATP1A2 gene in six patients, using direct sequencing, but found no mutations in any of the 23 exons. Other cerebral ion channel genes remain candidate genes for AHC...

..In contrast to widespread belief, migraine attacks are not associated with vasodilatation of cerebral or meningeal blood vessels. Future anti-migraine drugs may not require vasoconstrictor action...

..This case reinforces the growing evidence that even in typical cases of cluster headache, neuroimaging is mandatory to exclude structural lesions...

..However, the presence of cerebral microbleeds, which often remain undetected on conventional MRI, has not been determined in CADASIL...

..This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine...

..Her family members suffered from hemiplegic and confusional migraine attacks...

..3 (SD 12.2) vs. 74.8 (SD 9.0), P = 0.04]. Autonomic dysfunction during a cluster period, but outside an attack, does not include systemic cardiovascular control...

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..In conclusion, premonitory symptoms are frequently reported by migraine patients. Sensitivity and specificity of premonitory symptoms for migraine need to be assessed using prospective methods...

..These patients may therefore be diagnosed with CH. Attack frequency may not be a useful criterion for the diagnosis of CH. The upper limit of 3 h should be increased in future diagnostic criteria...

..Although mental stress is commonly considered to be an important trigger factor for migraine, experimental evidence for this belief is yet lacking...

..We will also give a short overview of other descriptions of cluster and cluster-like headache in historical literature...

..We propose to classify space headache as a separate entity among the secondary headaches attributed to disorders of homeostasis...

..We investigated the correlation between the apoE genotype and radiologic data in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)...

..Duration, amplitude and area parameters of the BR responses were less appropriate for longitudinal studies...

..Further research will have to show whether migraine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and whether prophylactic treatment of migraine attacks will lower this increased risk for cardiovascular disease...

..To examine the association between migraine and syncope-related autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms...

..Cluster headache can, however, have a large impact on individual women, for example to refrain from having children...

..In conclusion, we found few, if any, clinically relevant risk factors for nonresponse to sumatriptan. Administration of sumatriptan too early was the strongest indicator and should be avoided...

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..The benefit was maintained over 24 h; 38% of patients on rizatriptan 10 mg had sustained pain relief vs. 32% for rizatriptan 5 mg (P = 0.001)...

..We conclude that the vasomotor reactivity is normal during migraine attacks without aura...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TCBF and CVR in the progression of MR imaging abnormalities in CADASIL...

..It remains unclear whether iron accumulation in the antinociceptive network has a causative role in the development of (chronic) migraine headache...

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..Of the twenty two EA-2 mutations identified thus far, including those of the present study, seventeen are truncating mutations and five are missense mutations, all resulting in an EA-2 clinical phenotype...

..To assess the lifetime prevalence of migraine in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and to investigate a history of aortic root replacement (AR) as a possible risk factor...

..We suggest that determination of MET levels in platelets and plasma may be a useful marker to discriminate between TH and common migraine. The rise in MET during attacks may be directed against the ictal increase of serotonin...

..This seems primarily due of changes within the higher cerebral regions of the system...

..The review will focus on treatment choices in elderly migraine patients. These must be based on knowledge of mechanisms of physiological and pathological ageing...

..There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Sumatriptan nasal spray is effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of cluster headache attacks of at least 45 minutes' duration...

..CFH is common and associated with overuse of analgesics, psychopathology, smoking, sleeping problems, a history of head/neck trauma and low educational level. Female sex is a risk factor for headache, not for chronification of headache...

..The clinical features of T666M families have been reported, but the course is unknown...

..2 and 8q, and benign infantile familial convulsions (BIFC), as yet unlinked...

..Due to various methodological problems no definite conclusion could be drawn from these studies...

..The median time to attacks was 5 h. In conclusion, the (remarkably) low response rate to NTG is surprising in view of previous data. Further studies are required to establish fully the potency of hypoxia in triggering migraine attacks...

..007) and the number of awakenings out of REM sleep (p = 0.016), and tended to increase slow wave sleep (p = 0.053). Adverse events were few and mild. We conclude that GHB is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for narcolepsy...

..We conclude that 'pure' CVS may also be a hereditary disorder. Its relation to migraine will be discussed...

..To assess the involvement of the 19p13 familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) locus in migraine with and without aura...

..This study suggests that a decrease in baseline TCBF in NOTCH3 mutation carriers precedes the development of white matter hyperintensities...

..Confirmation by DNA analysis is requisite for positive results, and when there exists high clinical suspicion, also for negative results...

..Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. Knowledge of disease expression in young adult NOTCH3 mutation carriers (MCs) is limited...

..5 mg is most similar to the ideal, principally because of its good tolerability. Further tests of the Tripstar model are planned that will gauge the relative importance of a broader range of attributes...

..Serum creatine kinase activity decreased significantly in the methotrexate group. We conclude that oral methotrexate did not slow down progression of muscle weakness but decreased serum creatine kinase activity...

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..To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that NOTCH3 mutation carriers may be at increased risk of early acute myocardial infarction, expanding CADASIL disease expression beyond the central nervous system to include the heart...

..Migraineurs are at increased risk of cerebellar infarcts and supratentorial white matter lesions. The prevalence, frequency, and distribution of infratentorial hyperintense lesions in migraine are unknown...

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..The objective of this study was to determine to what extent lacunar infarcts and microbleeds on MRI contribute to cognitive decline in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy...

..Physicians treating patients with migraine can now choose from among 7 triptans, which differ on a range of attributes that may be important for treatment selection...

..Molecular biologic research will increasingly become important in understanding the pathophysiology of migraine and in identifying potential molecular targets for novel treatments...

..Clinical series have suggested an increased prevalence of cerebral infarction and white matter lesions (WMLs) in migraine patients. It is not known whether these lesions are prevalent in the general migraine population...

..Using a multiattribute decision model, we combined these data on the importance of treatment attributes with information on the relative performance of the oral triptans derived from a recent meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials...

..The identification of several migraine susceptibility loci underline its genetically complex nature...

..Cellular survival assays revealed Na,K-ATPase dysfunction for both ATP1A2 mutants, indicating that both mutations are disease causative. This is the first case of compound heterozygosity for any of the known FHM genes...

..It is remarkable that little is known about risk factors that make CH chronic...

..This is the first report of compensatory expression of non-Cav2.1 channels at NMJs of mice with a single amino acid change in Cav2.1...

..However, some patients do not respond to sumatriptan or experience recurrence of the headache after initial relief. In addition, some patients report chest symptoms after the use of sumatriptan...

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..These data have implications for the maintenance of vascular integrity in the degenerative cerebral microangiopathies leading to stroke and dementias...

..Taken together, our studies indicate that the gait abnormality of RN mice is due to a combination of ataxia and muscle weakness and that RN models aspects of the NMJ dysfunction in LEMS...

..1 channel function due to alpha(2)delta-2 absence. We conclude that alpha(2)delta-2, beta(4), and gamma(2) accessory subunits are redundant for the transmitter release-mediating function of presynaptic Ca(v)2.1 channels at the mouse NMJ...

..Our findings establish the role of neuronal Na(v)1.1 sodium channels in FHM and reinforce the involvement of ion channel dysfunction in the pathogenesis of this episodic brain disorder...

..Frontal and parietal lobe abnormalities in migraineurs could be an underlying cause of significantly slower response time during cognitive set-shifting...

..1 defects can cause FHM3. Our results also emphasize the complex relationship between migraine and epilepsy and provide further evidence that both disorders may share common molecular mechanisms...

..If confirmed, this would call for an earlier and more aggressive prophylactic treatment of migraine to prevent attacks and related brain damage. ..

..If confirmed, this would call for an earlier and more aggressive prophylactic treatment of migraine to prevent attacks and related brain damage. ..