Bram van Ginneken

..The average accuracy of the scheme is 0.969 +/- 0.0080, which is close to the interobserver variability of 0.984 +/- 0.0048. The methods are fast, and implemented on a standard PC platform...

..Remaining challenges are indicated and some directions for future research are given...

..820. The second database consist of 100 normal images and 100 abnormal images with interstitial disease. For this database, the results were a sensitivity of 0.97 at a specificity of 0.90 and an area under the ROC curve of 0.986...

..In all cases, the new method produces significantly better results in terms of an overlap error measure (p < 0.001 using a paired T-test) than the original active shape model scheme...

..The new method is shown to outperform a previously published conventional method. By merely changing the training data, non-solid nodules can also be segmented...

..Recent work in these areas is surveyed, but we conclude that the amount of research devoted to these topics is modest. Reasons for the slow pace of CAD development in chest radiography beyond nodules are discussed...

..A method to combine the output of multiple systems is proposed. Results show a substantial performance difference between algorithms, and demonstrate that combining the output of algorithms leads to marked performance improvements...

..All results, including the manual segmentations, have been made publicly available to facilitate future comparative studies...

..The authors developed and evaluated a computer-aided system for automatic detection and quantification of aortic calcifications in low-dose noncontrast-enhanced chest CT...

..In addition, AMAS was applied to an online segmentation challenge for delineation of the caudate nucleus in brain MRI scans where it achieved the best score of all results submitted to date...

..In a second experiment on 100 chest CT scans with incomplete fissures, the method is shown to perform well...

..When the fissures are incomplete, an observer study shows agreement of the automatically determined lobe borders with a radiologist for 81% of the lobe borders on average...

..In addition, research trends and challenges are identified and directions for future research are discussed...

..To study the impact of image subtraction of registered images on the detection of change in pulmonary ground-glass nodules identified on chest CT...

..The current study assessed whether lung function decline relates to baseline airflow obstruction severity in male heavy smokers...

..Segmentation using the new appearance model significantly outperformed the original ASM scheme; average volume errors are 5.1% and 45% respectively...

..An additional CT perfusion (CTP) scan is acquired of these patients to assess the perfusion of the cerebral tissue. The aim of this study is to extend the diagnostic yield of the CTP scans to also include vascular information...

..2%, the macula in 94.4%, the optic disc location in 98.4% and whether it is dealing with a left or right eye in 100% of all tested cases. For the pathological images test set, this was 77.0%, 92.0%, 94.0%, and 100% respectively...

..For four false positives, this increases to 67%. This is close to the previously reported 70% detection rate of the radiologists...

..In a sixfold cross-validation experiment, ICPC achieves a classification accuracy of 0.86 +/- 0.06, as compared to 0.94 +/- 0.02 for the second human observer...

..70, 0.53+/-0.02, and 0.40+/-0.03, respectively. The question whether or not a class of abnormality was present in a slice could be answered by the computer system with an accuracy comparable to that of radiologists...

..To describe and evaluate a machine learning-based, automated system to detect exudates and cotton-wool spots in digital color fundus photographs and differentiate them from drusen, for early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy...

..To investigate impact of distribution of computed tomography (CT) emphysema on severity of airflow limitation and gas exchange impairment in current and former heavy smokers participating in a lung cancer screening trial...

..To assess how computer-aided detection (CAD) affects reader performance in detecting early lung cancer on chest radiographs...

..The refined registration scheme enjoys the additional benefit that it does not require pathological (hand-segmented) training data...

..The global dissimilarity approach achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.81. The combination of local and global classifications increased this value to 0.83...

..Overall, the HDCS filtered scan was chosen most often...

..Heavy (former) smokers with upper lobe-predominant CT-quantified emphysema have a more rapid decrease in lung function than those with lower lobe-predominant CT-quantified emphysema...

..The method is compared with several different automatic systems and is shown to outperform them all. Performance is close to that of a human expert examining the images for the presence of red lesions...

..To estimate the performance of digital chest radiography for detection of lung cancer...

..In a large quantitative evaluation on a database of 150 scans from different sources, the hybrid method is shown to perform substantially better than a conventional approach at a relatively low increase in computational cost...

..Moreover, the additional atlas selection step led to a faster segmentation at a comparable performance...

..NOVA filtering of a CT image of typically 400 x 512 x 512 voxels takes only a couple of minutes which makes it suitable for routine use in clinical practice...

..8%, specificity is 97.8%). After grouping, 98.4% of the ribs are recognized. The final segmentation is qualitatively evaluated and is very accurate for over 80% of all ribs, with slight errors otherwise...

..1 false positives per scan. A calcium score was computed for each scan and subjects were assigned one of four risk categories based on this score. The method assigned the correct risk category to 93.4% of all scans...

..The association between the extent of emphysema in male current and former smokers and lung function decline was investigated...

..From inspiration scans on average 170 branches are found, from expiration scans 59...

..We evaluated the interscan agreement of CAC scores from two consecutive low-dose ungated MDCT examinations...

..Smoking is a major risk factor for both cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Computed tomography (CT)-based lung cancer screening may provide an opportunity to detect additional individuals with COPD at an early stage...

..Recognition of PFNs can reduce the number of follow-up examinations required for the workup of suspicious nodules. © RSNA, 2012...

..This study aims to investigate whether CAC measured on low-dose CT in a population of former and current heavy smokers is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiac events...

..The system performance does not significantly differ from that of the observers, when the perihilar regions are excluded from evaluation, and reaches A(z) = 0.85 for the system, with A(z) = 0.88 for both observers...

..The method was able to segment the pulmonary segments with high accuracy (77%), comparable to both interobserver and intraobserver accuracy (74% and 80%, respectively)...

..5 %. CONCLUSIONS: The expiratory to inspiratory ratio of mean lung density (E/I-ratio(MLD)) is most suitable for detecting air trapping on low-dose screening CT and performs significantly better than other suggested quantitative measures...

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..This paper details the organization of the challenge, the data and evaluation methods and the outcome of the initial launch with 20 algorithms. The gain in knowledge and future work are discussed...

..Performance of the system is shown to approach that of two expert radiologists in diagnosing the local regions of interest, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.862 for the CAD scheme versus 0.877 and 0.893 for the radiologists...

..5%-25.6%). Segmented volumes of each package were compared to each of the other packages. Systematic volume differences were detected in 11/15 comparisons. This hampers comparison of nodule volumes between software packages...

..For both applications, combination results in a large and significant increase in performance when compared to the best individual CAD system...

..To suggest a simple and robust technique used to reconstruct high-quality computed tomographic (CT) angiographic images from CT perfusion data and to compare it with currently used CT angiography techniques...

..84 to 0.92 and from 0.88 to 0.98 for exudates and drusen, respectively, and from 0.87 to 0.93 for coronary calcifications...

..The average number of slices in our datasets is 51, while on average eight manual initializations are required, which decreases operator segmentation time by a factor of 6...

..and Jiang et al. The results show that our method is significantly better than the two rule-based methods (p < 0.01). The accuracy of our method is 0.944 versus 0.947 for a second observer...

..The best system, based on a Support Vector Machine, has performance close to optimal with an area under the ROC curve of 0.9968...

..The purpose of our study was to assess the normal range of CT measures of emphysema and air trapping in young men with normal lung function...

..Furthermore, the TIPS bilateral filter is computationally faster than both the 3D and 4D bilateral filters...

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..Calcium scoring can be performed automatically in low-dose, non-contrast enhanced, non-ECG-synchronized chest CT in screening of heavy smokers to identify subjects who might benefit from preventive treatment...

..This can identify the most fruitful new research directions, and provide a platform to combine multiple approaches for a single task to create superior algorithms...

..An automatic computerized method to detect calcifications in CT scans is presented...

..The best performing fusion method obtained an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.881. This indicates that automated prescreening could be applied in diabetic retinopathy screening programs...

..The data associated with the ROC microaneurysm detection competition will remain publicly available and the website will continue accepting submissions...

..The method found the optic disc in 99.4% and the fovea in 96.8% of regular screening images and for the images with abnormalities these numbers were 93.0% and 89.0% respectively...

..We consider the setup generic, however, its application is demonstrated on 51 CT follow-up scan pairs of the lung. On this data, the proposed method performs with an overall classification accuracy of 90%...

..To evaluate the performance of a system for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy in digital retinal photographs, built from published algorithms, in a large, representative, screening population...