Fritz H Schroder

..0 to 3.9 ng/ml and assessed the value of percent free (F) PSA (FPSA) on tumor detection and tumor aggressiveness in this low PSA range...

..This biochemical recurrence typically predates clinically detectable metastatic disease by several years. Management of patients with biochemical recurrence is controversial...

..Metastatic disease is a major morbidity of prostate cancer (PCa). Its prevention is an important goal...

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..We updated prostate-cancer mortality in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer with 2 additional years of follow-up...

..abstract:..

..The possibility of early detection of prostate cancer is attractive to clinicians and potential patients in spite of the fact that until recently concrete evidence that screening would influence prostate cancer mortality was lacking...

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..The appropriate way of biopsying a prostate remains controversial. Is sextant biopsy still adequate with repeat screening?..

..There is uncertainty about its proper use in diagnosing prostate cancer. This review describes the background of the addressed problem and summarizes relevant, recent findings reported during 2008...

..The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer was initiated in the early 1990s to evaluate the effect of screening with prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing on death rates from prostate cancer...

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..Therefore, differences in treatment between arms are unlikely to play a major role in the interpretation of the results of the ERSPC...

..The rate of decrease in advanced cancers is an estimate for determining prostate cancer (PCa) screening program effectiveness...

..Screening for prostate cancer (PC) is controversial due to uncertainties about its efficiency...

..In a screening program, interval cancers are cancers diagnosed between two screening visits...

..Value of characteristics assessed prior to diagnosis predicting aggressive prostate cancer, metastases and mortality in men participating in a screening study were identified...

..The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the role of tumour markers total PSA, free PSA, and hK2, and their combinations in predicting minimal prostate cancer...

..This report compares the preliminary outcome of cancers detected in the screen and the control arm of its Rotterdam section, by means of biochemical progression rates...

..The present tertiary prevention study reports on the effect of a dietary supplement in comparison with placebo on the rate of increase of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)...

..To evaluate the features, rates, and characteristics of prostate cancer detected during two subsequent screening rounds...

..In the population of ERSPC Rotterdam (N = 42,376 men), screening reduces the risk to be diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer considerably on population level, an effect which is even more pronounced in men who are in fact screened...

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..To assess the impact of different study designs on outcome data within the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC)...

..The present study evaluates the predictive value of a prostate specific antigen (PSA) increase to PSA 3.0 ng/ml or greater in a 4-year period in men who present with low PSA values (less than 3.0 ng/ml) at first screen...

..Increasing ERG levels are associated with the upregulation of androgen receptor expression in clinical specimens...

..Delay before radical treatment caused by active surveillance may be associated with an impaired chance of curability...

..The value of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) in screening for prostate cancer (PCa) and especially for clinically significant PCa is unclear...

..To determine the value of a hypoechoic lesion (HL)-directed biopsy in addition to a systematic sextant biopsy for detecting prostate cancer...

..Tumors dedifferentiate during the screen-detectable phase and consequently screening with PSA and early treatment can possibly prevent dedifferentiation...

..Anxiety and distress may be present in patients with low risk prostate cancer who are on active surveillance. This may be a reason to discontinue active surveillance...

..The findings of the current study suggest that the screening protocol used is sufficiently effective for detecting > 95% of malignancies before they develop features that would make them incurable...

..Favourable disease-specific outcomes confirm the feasibility of active surveillance for low risk PCa and also support a role for active surveillance in selected patients with intermediate risk PCa...

..Men with clinically diagnosed PC have an increased risk of death unrelated to PC itself, i.e., the excess mortality is based on an increased risk of dying from other neoplasm and diseases of the circulatory or respiratory system...

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..Prediction models need external validation to assess their value beyond the setting where the model was derived from...

..Our objective is to extract correction factors for adjustment of the model, addressing contemporary extended biopsy schemes...

..To identify pathological features in non-malignant sextant prostate needle biopsies and assess their predictive value for detecting prostate cancer on biopsy 4 years later...

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..0 ng/ml were not biopsied (with few exceptions). In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) eligible men who initially presented with PSA values <3.0 ng/ml were all biopsied during or at the end of a 7-yr study period...

..We present a feasibility study and impact simulation of a secondary analysis, which imitates a situation where all participants in the study are managed according to their random assignment...

..The European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) applies a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cut-off value ≥3.0 ng/ml as an indication for lateralised sextant biopsy...

..Risk stratification of screen-detected cancers at diagnosis has become more important for the anticipation and interpretation of changing incidence/mortality ratios...

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..In men who have previously had a benign biopsy, the PPV drops considerably, but 20% of the cancers detected still show aggressive characteristics...

..The results pertaining to sexual function were already reported [Br J Cancer 82(2) (2000) 283]...

..The benefits of prostate cancer screening on an individual level remain unevaluated...

..The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) risk calculators (RCs) are validated tools for prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and include prostate volume (PV) data from transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)...

..In addition, tumour volume might be of value in substaging of pathologic tumour stage (pT2) prostate cancer (PCa)...

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..An elevated PSA in secondary screens may indicate benign enlargement of the prostate rather than prostate cancer. In such cases the yearly rate of increase of PSA (PSA velocity [PSAV]) may improve the test characteristics of PSA...

..To study active surveillance as a management option for the important number of prostate cancer patients who would not have been diagnosed in the absence of screening...

..Therefore a high PCA3 score should result in a high positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity for a positive biopsy...

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..5% when considering 18 interval cancers. CONCLUSION: The interval cancer rate with a 4-year screening interval was low, confirming that the screening procedure has a high sensitivity and that the 4-year screening interval is reasonable...

..CONCLUSION In selected patients with screen-detected Gleason 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer, AS might be an option, especially in those with comorbidity and/or a short life-expectancy...

..However, the extent to which harms to quality of life resulting from overdiagnosis and treatment counterbalance this benefit is uncertain...

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..Therefore, patient stratification with regard to PCa risk and aggressiveness is necessary to identify those men who are at risk and may actually benefit from early detection...

..e. 507/10,000 men). Variations in detection rates among screening centers related among others to biopsy compliance and age range...

..We assessed if urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction and associated bother were part of the "normal" aging process in the general male Dutch population...

..Screening for PCa has not yet been shown to lower PCa mortality. Still, opportunistic screening is wide spread in Europe and in most other parts of the world...

..In this study, these feelings were quantified, and their associations with various psychologic, medical, demographic, and decision-related factors were assessed...

..To compare tumor characteristics of screen-detected prostate cancers (PCs) either by digital rectal examination (DRE) or by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as biopsy indication at low PSA...

..Objective of this study is to compare PC detected by PSA screening at subsequent screening rounds and treated by radical prostatectomy (RP) with PC incidentally found in cystoprostatectomy specimens...

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..Both consequences have considerable impact on the net benefits of screening...

..The kinetics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) are generally assumed to be indicative of tumour progression and are therefore used in clinical decision-making in men on active surveillance for early prostate cancer...

..To estimate the benefits of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening on prostate cancer (Pca) metastasis and Pca-specific mortality, we compared two populations with a well-defined difference in intensity of screening...

..Although the reasons for ordering PSA test or indicating biopsy are unknown, effective PSA contamination in the Rotterdam ERSPC section is low and not likely to jeopardize the power of the trial...

..The clinical presentation and prognosis of familial disease remain uncertain. In this study these entities are evaluated in the first and second rounds of a screening program in The Netherlands...

..Subsequently, we can achieve improvements of the current screening algorithm, which hopefully will further decrease PCa-specific mortality without increasing overdiagnosis and overtreatment...

..The value of digital rectal examination (DRE) as a screening test for prostate cancer (PC) is controversial in the current prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era...

..The favourable characteristics of tumours detectable at very low PSA levels seem to justify the conclusion that an unknown but sizeable proportion of the cancers found at biopsy are clinically insignificant...

..In this study, a critical analysis of the predictive value of the surgical margin status was performed...

..Many of these cancers will not progress, and radical therapy may lead to substantial overtreatment. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as an alternative...

..We investigated the predictive value of the amount of high-grade cancer (Gleason growth patterns 4/5) in the biopsy for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and clinical relapse after radical prostatectomy...

..Variations in the screening algorithm, such as the interval between screening rounds, likely influence the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of the screened population...

..We examined the population risk during 4 years, defined a prostate specific antigen associated with this risk and clarified the contribution of other predictive factors...

..This effect may be diluted by nonattendance in men randomised to the screening arm and contamination in men randomised to the control arm...

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..Not all cancers deserve immediate treatment. It has therefore become more important to be able to identify those cases of screen-detected prostate cancer most likely to show indolent behavior...

..Erectile dysfunction (ED) is more prevalent with increasing age. Previous studies showed that ED was negatively associated with mental health (MH) in specific patient groups...

..Overall survival in both cohorts was compared with that in the general population...

..The identification of predictors for prostate biopsy outcome at two screening rounds using a PSA>or=3.0 ng/ml as biopsy indication...

..The methodological implication is that considering a post-diagnosis assessment as 'baseline' may lead to an underestimation of the patient's mental health...

..The objective of this review is to provide an understanding of the mechanisms that prostate cancer cells use to bypass androgen-deprived conditions...

..Study Type - Survey (prospective cohort) Level of Evidence 1b...

..Apparently, the extracapsular lesions seen by TRUS are primarily nonmalignant...

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..CONCLUSION: Only three men died of prostate cancer, none of whom were on watchful waiting. Our observations provide preliminary validation of the arbitrary selection criteria for active surveillance...

..If future studies confirm that these observations translate into a slowing of disease progression, a dietary intervention may become an attractive option for prostate cancer treatment and prevention...

..The objective of this review is to provide an understanding of the pharmacological properties and the potential clinical benefits of 5AR inhibition...

..Furthermore, these asymptomatic screen-detected prostate carcinomas have genetic signatures comparable with those commonly seen in symptomatic cancers...

..The issue is addressed in European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) protocol 30846 for patients with lymph node-positive (pN1-3) cancer without local treatment of the primary tumour...

..Here, we study the ability of several renal tubular cell lines to assemble PCMs and to synthesize high-M(r) HA during proliferation in relation to crystal retention...

..These interactions involve crystal attachment, followed by internalization or not. Here, we studied the ability of various renal tubular cell lines to internalize calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals...

..are needed to improve the screening procedure? What are the research priorities in this field, assuming that the present evidence of prostate cancer mortality reduction is eventually confirmed by ongoing randomized controlled trials?..

..0 ng/ml. The limitations of PSA discussed herein clearly point to the need to find better diagnostic and prognostic markers for prostate cancer...

..e. PDP, located at 8q22.1 (95 Mb), PABPC1 located at 8q22.3 (102 Mb), and KIAA0196 located at 8q24.13 (126 Mb). These genes can be considered putative progression markers for prostate cancer...