R Krams

..As macrophages are a major source of MMPs, we examined whether regional temperature changes are related to local MMP activity and macrophage accumulation...

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..We describe a hybrid method that combines finite element modelling and statistical methods to predict patient-specific aneurysm expansion...

..During hyperemic flow conditions, flow measurements might be accompanied by large axial pressure drops because the catheter, itself, might act as a significant stenosis...

..From this, shear stress values close to the arterial wall can be calculated. Under the assumption that low values for local shear stress are areas prone to restenosis, predictions of endangered areas can be made...

..Furthermore, it revealed that location of peak wall stress changed over time. The assumptions of this model are discussed in detail in this manuscript, and the implications are related to literature findings...

..This study opens perspectives for the on-line use of WSS as a combined parameter of anatomy and physiology to assess the necessity of adjunctive therapy after successful balloon dilatation...

..Such changes must be taken into account if RBV measurements are used to improve the haemodynamic tolerance of dialysis...

..At present, techniques with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify these unstable plaques are not clinically available. This paper describes a new technique to identify these plaques...

..Lowered shear stress induces larger lesions with a vulnerable plaque phenotype, whereas vortices with oscillatory shear stress induce stable lesions...

..The harmonic acquisitions also showed the potential of THI to reduce image artifacts compared to fundamental imaging...

..Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted and showed image improvement in H40 acquisitions with respect to the conventional IVUS catheter...

..These data support an "r(2) law" rather than Murray's r(3) law for the larger vessels in the arterial tree...

..Recent studies provided evidence for a predominant upstream location of plaque inflammation. The present study introduces a novel technique that evaluates the underlying mechanism of this spatial organization...

..We evaluated in this study whether rapamycin affects endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) responsiveness to shear stress under normo- and hypercholesteraemic conditions to explain these findings...

..We conclude that MKP-1 induction is required for the antiinflammatory effects of shear stress. Thus, our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism contributing to the spatial distribution of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis...

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..This model provides the opportunity to study the relationship between shear stress alterations, gene expression, and atherosclerosis...

..Attempts to locally increase shear stress by a newly developed flow divider indicate that shear stress reduce in-stent neointimal formation by 50%...

..We studied the causal relationship between WSS and NH formation in stents by locally increasing WSS with a flow divider (Anti-Restenotic Diffuser, Endoart SA) placed in the center of the stent...

..Prolonged plaque accumulation at low SS predilection locations explains an inverse relation between wall thickness (WT) and SS. No data exist on WT-SS relations when lumen narrowing and loss of compensatory remodeling commence...

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..The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between acute coronary flow reduction and arterial wall temperature...

..To investigate safety, feasibility, and injurious effect on endothelial cells of a thermography catheter as well as effect of flow on measured temperature in non-obstructive arteries...

..The present study introduces a modification of the diastolic coronary conductance concept that maintains its sensitive properties to detect changes in the coronary microcirculation in human hypertrophy...

..70+/-0.46 mm/Pa. These data suggest that using a geometry guided way of data averaging may reveal history related effects of SS, which in part explains localization of atherosclerotic plaques...

..This review describes evidence that shear stress acts through modulation of inflammation and by that process affects atherogenesis and plaque composition...

..Experimentally induced flow disturbance leads to induction of primary cilia, and subsequently to atherogenesis, which suggests a role for primary cilia in endothelial activation and dysfunction...

..We conclude that LSS or OSS triggers expression of chemokines involved in atherogenesis. Fractalkine upregulation is critically important for the composition of LSS-induced atherosclerotic lesions...

..Consequently, mechanical efficiency increased linearly with contractility during EMD 57033 infusion but remained constant during infusion of dobutamine...