C van Loveren

..Where low body weights are essential for the competition, sportsmen are at risk for disordered eating or eating disorders. Dentists should be aware of oral health risks of sportsmen and should advise them properly...

..ATPase activity was not inhibited by NaF preincubation but was significantly inhibited after preincubation with amine fluorides and amine chlorides...

..The aim of this study was to determine the effects of rinsing and spitting on fluoride ingestion from toothpaste during normal oral-hygiene procedures of younger children, and hence to make recommendations on rinsing during toothbrushing...

..The results indicate that using the AmF/SnF(2) toothpaste and rinse combination could result in plaque of lower cariogenicity...

..The (insufficient) use of fluoride, (insufficient) oral hygiene and (insufficient) clearance by saliva form a window of risk. The total burden of cariogenic food that can be seen through the window constitutes the actual caries risk...

..It is not clear whether the antimicrobial mechanisms of fluoride are operating in vivo or even to what extent antimicrobial activity can contribute to caries prevention. This latter question may be the most important one in research...

..The results show that even when a child acquires mutans streptococci after the age of 5, there may be similarity between mutans streptococci in mother, father and child, indicating that transmission between the family members occurs...

..In combination with fluoride, however, as in toothpaste, triclosan has no additional protective effect against demineralization...

..It is concluded that triclosan may contribute to the protection of dentin under a mild acid attack both when it is present in dental plaque and when it has been adsorbed to the dentin...

..These conclusions are in line with those of recent reviews and with the conclusions of the Scientific Committee on Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of the EU Commission...

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..It is concluded that the potentially beneficial effect of not rinsing or fluoride rinsing after tooth brushing is not reflected in an increased fluoride concentration in newly formed dental plaque 6 h after brushing...

..Clinical studies on the caries-preventive properties of chlorhexidine mouthrinses are limited and the results are inconclusive...

..At both these concentrations the dentin specimens were relatively less protected in the presence than in the absence of fluoride, and some synergistic effect between hexeditine and fluoride was observed...

..In enamel no statistically significant differences in IML gain were found. For dentine a third fluoride moment may be beneficial in enhancing remineralisation, even under the remineralising conditions as in this study...

..The additional use of AmF/SnF2 mouthwash after brushing is effective in reducing the acid metabolism in dental plaque and tongue flora...

..In conclusion, the CDFF S. mutans biofilm model can be used as a de- and remineralization biofilm model, and the split mode is particularly suitable for testing caries-preventive agents...

..We conclude that assessing only smooth surfaces in intraoral tests might lead to underestimated food cariogenicity and to overestimated efficacy of fluoride-containing toothpaste...

..It is suggested that the external validity of a randomized controlled trial on caries-preventive strategies is not necessarily affected by non-participation bias...

..From comparison with a previous study, we conclude that the triple treatment with EC40 within 1 week was not more effective in reducing plaque acidogenicity than the single one...

..Moreover, reduced acidogenicity of dental plaque after chlorhexidine treatment was not necessarily predicted by suppression of mutans streptococci in saliva...

..The aim of this study was to systematically review the present literature on the effect of chlorhexidine varnish (CHX-V) on root caries...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission of Streptococcus mutans between children with cleft lip and/or palate and their mothers...

..Unclear labelling concerning the type and concentration of fluoride was often encountered. A need for quality control of fluoride toothpastes is recommended...

..It is assumed that heredity is involved in the development of double teeth. Therefore it is attempted to explain why only one of a homozygotic twin had a double tooth...

..After this procedure has been followed, an evidence-based answer can be given to the original question...

..Finally, the general dental practitioner in determining applicability needs to pay attention to the sample and the type of patient used in the research...

..New ways are to be sought to motivate these risk groups for adequate dental care. Parents, teachers, school medical services but also children of older people and volunteer and professional aid for the elderly should be involved...

..Fluoride toothpaste effectively protected dentin only at the smooth surfaces. In the grooves, fluoride affected the demineralization pattern; it drove lesions towards the bottom of the groove...

..In order to assess the value of research, it is necessary to have some understanding of what these research designs are concerned with...

..In this study Q-methodology was used to identify parents' prevailing attitudes towards the oral health of their children...

..This prediction model has potential when caries incidence is low and resources limited...

..The Dentoprog method is accurate, but has only one level of caries risk, which is considered by most providers as too low and thus unpractical...

..The method is applicable in child populations with different caries incidences and meets the requirements of accuracy. With the user-friendly method, more than 80% of the children at risk can be identified and selected...