Somnuek Sungkanuparph

..To determine the effect of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) on the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in an area with a high prevalence of TB...

..To determine the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the long-term survival of AIDS patients with CMV disease and evaluate long-term outcomes of ART...

..K65R mutations that occur after failing this regimen prevent the use of tenofovir, didanosine, and abcavir in the second-line regimen...

..8% had HCV infection. Given the relatively high prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HIV-infected patients, screening for HBV and HCV infections prior to ART initiation should not be omitted in the resource-limited setting...

..8%. Primary HIV drug resistance is emerging after rapid scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy use in Asia...

..No association between the timing of HAART initiation and the diagnosis of IRIS was identified. Increased baseline serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titer was a risk factor for cryptococcal IRIS...

..Tipranavir-resistance associated mutations (TPV-RAMs) are often observed among patients with HIV-1 subtype A/E infection. Data regarding TPV resistance in subtype A/E is still limited...

..Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been more accessible in these countries. The present study aimed to determine the impact of ART on the prevalence of DR-TB among HIV/TB co-infected patients...

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..This strategy may be an option for patients who cannot afford or tolerate protease inhibitor. Prospective study to evaluate this strategy should be conducted in resource-limited setting...

..Positive HBeAg and longer duration of lamivudine use are risk factors for HBV-DR. In addition to lamivudine resistance, cross-resistance to other anti-HBV drugs is also frequently observed...

..Virological failure with this regimen has become more common, and a second-line regimen needs to be prepared in the national program...

..There are also no randomized trials addressing treatment options after failing first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-regimens...

..Long-term outcomes of this concurrent treatment are unknown...

..The patterns of resistance mutations suggest that 48% of patients need a protease inhibitor-based regimen for the second regimen and didanosine+lamivudine is the most required nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone...

..Treatment options after failing an initial regimen are limited because of cross-resistance of NNRTIs...

..We studied prevalence of etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV) resistance in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE infection with first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) failure...

..Concomitant use of efavirenz and rifampicin is common for treatment of HIV and tuberculosis. Plasma efavirenz levels can be reduced by rifampicin, but the appropriate daily dosage of efavirenz is unclear...

..Optimal timing for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis (TB) is not well established...

..In patients with advanced HIV disease, immune reconstitution induced by ART can precipitate onset of atypical clinical manifestations in those patients with latent cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system...

..With this strategy, the same regimen can be used for resumption and also yield good virological and immunological outcomes...

..At a median of 48 weeks after randomization, there were no episodes of cryptococcal meningitis in either group...

..5 +/- 2.7 mg/liter, respectively. High body weight was associated with a low efavirenz C12 at weeks 6 and 12 (P = 0.003, r = -0.255). The efavirenz C12 regression prediction line at 1 mg/liter intercepted a mean body weight of 57.5 kg...

..232). The adverse events were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Initiation of EFV-based HAART regimen in HIV-infected patients at CD4 < 100 and > or = 100 cells/ mm3 gains similar immunological and virological response...

..We aimed to identify disease-predisposing variations with nevirapine-induced rash using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic markers...

..S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved TRUGENE commercial system...

..To determine the role of serum cryptococcal antigen (SCA) for the screening of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients with different ranges of CD4 cell counts...

..Information regarding prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection with HIV in Thailand is limited...

..Despite the low baseline in this population, the higher number of baseline CD4 cells is continuously associated with a higher risk for skin rashes...

..Twenty two patients (13.8%) had adverse drug events and half of these had to discontinue HAART. Initiation of HAART in advanced AIDS with CD4 cell count < 50 cells/mm3 is effective, safe, and well tolerated and should not be delayed...

..To describe the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients...

..To determine the frequency, risk factors and mortality rate of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) of tuberculosis (TB) in patients co-infected with HIV/TB and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

..In resource-limited settings, the use of temporary external lumbar drainage is a safe and effective management strategy for intractable elevated ICP in HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis...

..Epidemiology and clinical features of newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients vary and depend on period of time and geographical area...

..To determine the mortality rate and risk factors after experiencing symptomatic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

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..Strategies for prevention of HIV resistance emergence include finding cases with acute HIV infection, early detection of virological failure, and behavioral interventions such as adherence and condom usage...

..049) and higher CD4 cell count (p = 0.048) were predictors for successful response to hepatitis B vaccination. Determination of antibody levels after vaccination in HIV-infected patients is warranted...

..It remains a catastrophic opportunistic infection in spite of the current intensive and aggressive treatment...

..Initiation of NVP in patients with these risks needs closed monitoring...

..GPO-VIR, fixed-dose combination of stavudine 30/40 mg, lamivudine 150 mg, and nevirapine 200 mg are widely used in Thailand...

..The mortality rate was 64%. In conclusion, cryptococcuria is not extremely rare and can present as a manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis or isolated urinary tract infection...

..In conclusion, CG interprets HIV drug resistance at a higher rate than LG and may be more accurate to use for selecting the next effective regimen of ART among HIV-infected patients with multiple treatment failures...

..A series of cases infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria was studied to determine the spectrum of disease, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment, and outcome...

..Further studies to define virologic response of HIV-1 subtype A/E to various PIs and clinical validation of PI-RAMs in HIV-1 subtype A/E are essentially needed...

..The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on survival among patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) has not been well established...

..Impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the relapse of cryptococcosis and survival of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcosis has not been well established...

..Educational program regarding hepatitis B serology screening, identification of barriers, and interventions to eliminate these barriers in resource-limited settings are crucial to improve HIV care...

..This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Thailand...

..Risk factors of isolated anti-HBc were IVDU and anti-HCV seropositive. Anamnestic response to hepatitis B vaccination was low. Further study with strategies to improve the response of vaccination is needed...

..It might be useful for predicting the risk of rash before NVP initiation among HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts...

..Atypical presentations of both tuberculosis and cryptococcosis should be considered in areas with a high incidence of these diseases...

..Lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia are increasing problems in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

..Further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of HCV co-infection on clinical outcomes in HIV-infected patients without HCV treatment...

..161-0.910; P = .030) was a protective factor for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes is common in HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART. Screening for pre-diabetes and active management should be performed in patients with risk factors...

..Qualitative PCR for JCV of CSF showed a positive result. This report emphasizes the yield of PCR, the CSF for JCV in a diagnosis of PML, which may reduce the need for a brain biopsy in such cases...

..9 (6.6) and 28.6 (10.7) ng/mL, respectively, (P <.05). Low vitamin D status is common and needs to be assessed among HIV-infected patients including tropical residents especially when EFV is used...

..Repeated rectal swabs revealed no yeast growth. During follow-up for 4 y, she had no problems with diarrhoea. Chronic diarrhoea caused by C. neoformans is rare and clinical suspicion is needed...

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..INI-RAMs are rare in both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients in Thailand. This suggested that INI should be active in patients who are naive to INI in Thailand...

..1-20.0, p = 0.001). Most of the patients were treated with albendazole or thiabendazole, with a cure rate of 76.9%, whereas other recent cases treated with ivermectin had an average cure rate of 83.3%. The overall mortality rate was 8.1%...

..Diagnoses were made based on histopathologic examination in all cases and fungi were isolated and identified in one case. The clinicopathologic features and therapeutic management of rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis are described...

..In each patient, the skin lesions of Sweet's syndrome relapsed many times while they still had NTMI, and these lesions usually responded well to short courses of systemic steroids without any deterioration of NTMI...

..Clinical responses varied but seemed to correlate with the in vitro susceptibility result. More studies are needed before one can deal with these infections more effectively...

..The patient responded to a combination therapy of surgical excision and antifungal agent...

..05). Second-line ART based on the results of genotype testing yields the good virologic and immunologic outcomes in a resource-limited setting, and scaling-up of second-line ART is indicated...

..004). Studies to determine this correlation in pulmonary tuberculosis are still needed...