R W Sutter

..Poliovirus types 1 and 3 co-circulate in poliomyelitis-endemic countries. We aimed to assess the immunogenicity of a novel bivalent types 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV)...

..This chapter reviews the scientific, operational and programmatic data on mass campaign use of polio vaccines, and summarize the lessons learnt from implementing the mass vaccination strategies used to eradicate poliomyelitis globally...

..This report reviews the key issues associated with each scenario, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each scenario, and outlines the major challenges for policy decision-making...

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..Final preparations for the eventual global and simultaneous cessation of OPV will require the same level of international cooperation and coordination that has brought the world to the verge of polio eradication...

..This Policy Forum reviews the feasibility and implications of eventually stopping the use of live polio vaccines...

..When the humanitarian, economic and consequent benefits of this initiative are measured against the costs, a strong argument is made for eradication as a valuable disease control strategy...

..Although substantial progress toward this goal has been made, eradication remains elusive. In 2004, the World Health Organization called for the development of a potentially more immunogenic monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine...

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..We assessed the costs, risks, and benefits of possible future major policy decisions on vaccination, surveillance, response plans, and containment following global eradication of wild polioviruses...

..A high-potency monovalent oral type 1 poliovirus vaccine (mOPV1) was developed in 2005 to tackle persistent poliovirus transmission in the last remaining infected countries. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of this vaccine in India...

..This analytical journey has provided several key insights and lessons learned that will be useful to future analysts involved in similar complex decision-making processes...

..This article attempts to comprehensively characterize the risks, synthesize the existing data available for modeling them, and present quantitative risk estimates that can provide a starting point for informing policy decisions...

..Intensified OPV administration has reduced wild poliovirus transmission in India but VAPP is becoming a matter of concern...

..We analyze strategies to counteract this and show that switching to monovalent vaccine may finally interrupt virus transmission...

..To reduce the VAPP burden, national vaccination policy changed in 1997 from reliance on OPV to options for a sequential schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) followed by OPV. In 2000, an exclusive IPV schedule was adopted...

..These results are important for developing "endgame" strategies for the Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Program...

..The authors expect that this model can provide important insights into the dynamics of future potential poliomyelitis outbreaks and in this way serve as a useful tool for risk assessment...

..Developing a posteradication strategy to minimize the risks of VDPV emergence and spread has become an urgent WHO priority...

..This raised concerns about oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) effectiveness, particularly the type 3 component, in preventing clinical disease and offered an opportunity to describe the epidemiology of a P3 outbreak...

..To describe the characteristics of compatible poliomyelitis cases and to assess the programmatic implications of clusters of such cases in India...

..Given these important gaps in knowledge, no country should discontinue polio vaccination until a coordinated policy for the post-certification era has been developed and the recommended measures have been put in place...

..Despite excellent program performance, wild poliovirus type 1 (PV1) continue to circulate in 2004. To investigate potential causes for the persistence, we conducted a serological study...