M de Onis

..To quantify the prevalence and trends of stunting among children using the WHO growth standards...

..To describe the worldwide implementation of the WHO Child Growth Standards ('WHO standards')...

..There are few reports on the nutritional status of Bhutanese children. The objective of this paper is to summarize results from the 2008 National Nutrition Survey and to describe progress achieved during the last two decades...

..This paper provides algorithms for converting estimates of child malnutrition based on the NCHS reference into estimates based on the WHO standards...

..We describe patterns in 'exclusive breastfeeding' and 'any breastfeeding' rates and quantify exposure to suboptimal breastfeeding among children aged two years or younger in developing countries...

..To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults...

..The goal of this study was to compare World Health Organization (WHO) growth velocity standards with reference data based on US children...

..This paper describes the methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to derive global and regional trends of child stunting and underweight, and reports trends in prevalence and numbers affected for 1990-2005...

..To review concepts and propose measures related to the use of anthropometry for early identification of excessive weight gain in children...

..Childhood obesity is associated with serious health problems and the risk of premature illness and death later in life. Monitoring related trends is important...

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..S. national guidelines that recommend breast-feeding as the optimal source of nutrition during infancy...

..One key target of the United Nations Millennium Development goals is to reduce the prevalence of underweight among children younger than 5 years by half between 1990 and 2015...

..Ongoing central and local monitoring identified anthropometrists deviating from standard procedures, and immediate corrective action was taken. The procedures described in this paper are a model for research settings...

..They also demonstrate that healthy children from around the world who are raised in healthy environments and follow recommended feeding practices have strikingly similar patterns of growth...

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..To describe child growth monitoring practices worldwide in preparation for the construction and application of a new international growth reference...

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..Few studies describing the growth of adolescents exist because of the difficulties in interpreting anthropometric data in this age group...

..Obesity during childhood is a matter of growing concern. Several reports show increasing rates of obesity in developed countries, whereas the extent of the problem in developing countries remains unknown...

..Approximately, 43% of children (230 million) in developing countries are stunted. Efforts to accelerate significantly economic development will be unsuccessful until optimal child growth and development are ensured for the majority...

..Methods based on distributions with poor performance will be eliminated and the remaining methods fully tested and compared...

..Approaches to lower child malnutrition should be based on successful nutrition programmes and policies...

..Correct interpretation of MUAC with regard to nutritional status requires the use of MUAC-for-age reference data such as those presented here...

..To estimate the effect of exclusive breast feeding and partial breast feeding on infant mortality from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in Latin America...

..By screening using this criterion, we could obtain a suitable sample for the World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study in Muscat...

..This subpopulation was targeted for screening for the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study in Ghana...

..CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need for prenatal and early life interventions to prevent growth failure...

..Described also is the use of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method to evaluate the performance of MUAC, MUAC-for-age, and MUAC-for-height in screening malnourished children...

..The wealth of information collected and the experience gained may serve as a baseline record, the project currently being expanded to cover 100 counties throughout China...