C Kuhlemeier

..The accumulation of ever increasing amounts of experimental data makes quantitative modeling of interest for many developmental systems...

..In addition, the increased penetrance of the phenotype under short-day conditions suggests that the AUX LAX transporters act to buffer the PIN-mediated patterning mechanism against environmental or developmental influences...

..e. the decision to stop or continue growth, and the control of branching during vegetative and generative development. Finally, we discuss the basis of leaf architecture and the role of cell division and cell growth in morphogenesis...

..A recent paper shows how the polar auxin transport mutant, pin1-1, which fails to make flowers, affects the expression of well known meristem genes. This work opens the door for the genetic analysis of phyllotaxis...

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..We conclude that elongation growth is likely to be controlled by expansin acting in concert with other factors that may limit growth under some physiological conditions...

..This Petunia system produces the highest per plant insertion number of any known two-element system, providing a powerful and logistically simple tool for transposon mutagenesis of qualitative as well as quantitative traits...

..However, in those cases that flowers with long tubes were chosen, the animals fed for equal time. Thus, the perception of tube length may help the moths, early on, to avoid those plants that are more difficult to handle...

..Auxin accumulation occurs only at certain minimal distances from existing primordia, defining the position of future primordia. This model for phyllotaxis accounts for its reiterative nature, as well as its regularity and stability...

..They are likely to have evolved gradually through pollinator-mediated adaptation or reinforcement, and are not likely to have been primary factors in early steps of pollinator isolation of P. axillaris and P. integrifolia...

..It has now become feasible to dissect the genetic basis of plant adaptation to different pollinators...

..These results show that timing of odour emissions by P. axillaris is in tune with nocturnal hawk moth activity and that flower-volatile composition is adapted to the antennal perception of these pollinators...

..With its molecular genetic tools, this Petunia system provides a novel venue for a pattern of adaptive radiation that is among the most characteristic of flowering plants...

..coli. NeIF-5A1 antiserum crossreacts with an 18 kDa polypeptide doublet in all tobacco tissues examined. At least one polypeptide of ca. 18 kDa from a diversity of higher and lower plants crossreacts with NeIF-5A1 antiserum...

..Finally, we report L1-specific cell ablation experiments suggesting that the meristem L1 layer is essential for the dorsoventral patterning of leaf primordia...

..Recent advances set the stage for exciting future research that combines genetics and physiology to study ecological and evolutionary questions...

..This reveals a novel mechanism by which signals from differentiating tissues extrinsically control stem cell fate in the shoot apex...

..Gene identification and analysis of molecular evolution in combination with behavioral and ecological studies can ultimately unravel the evolutionary genetics of pollination syndromes...

..Transcription factors can also signal back to hormone biosynthetic pathways...

..The data give new insight into the molecular organization of the shoot apical meristem and provide the framework for a detailed dissection of the factors controlling this organization...

..How do plants position their leaves and flowers around the stem in such regular patterns? Auxin is well established as an essential regulator. Now, the modification of a structural cell wall component is shown to have a dramatic impact...

..Special emphasis is given to the recent integration of mathematics and physics in the study of leaf development...

..We propose a model in which efflux carriers control auxin delivery to the shoot apical meristem, whereas influx and efflux carriers regulate auxin distribution within the meristem...

..This pathway serves to bypass pyruvate dehydrogenase enzymes and thereby maintain biosynthetic capacity and energy production under the unique conditions prevailing during pollen-pistil interaction...

..Our study supports the notion that reproductive isolation in flowering plants is mainly caused by pre- rather than postzygotic isolation mechanisms...

..A role for the glyoxylate cycle appears unlikely since activity of malate synthase, a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, could not be detected...

..LeExp2 expression is limited by the available gibberellin. These data suggest that regulation of cell wall extensibility is controlled, at least in part, by differential regulation of expansin genes...

..We discuss the possible role of ethanolic fermentation as a robust back-up energy production pathway under adverse conditions when mitochondrial function is disturbed...

..It also reproduces distichous, decussate, and tricussate patterns. The model thus offers a plausible link between molecular mechanisms of morphogenesis and the geometry of phyllotaxis...

..These results suggest that Sebacina spp. may interfere with defense signaling and allow plants to increase growth rates at the expense of herbivore resistance mediated by TPIs...