Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari

..This article discusses the amount of vitamin D supplementation needed and the desirable 25-hydroxyvitamin D level to be achieved for optimal fracture prevention...

..Finally, trial and epidemiological data will be reviewed to assess desirable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for optimal muscle health...

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..Finally, trial and epidemiological data will be reviewed to assess desirable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for optimal muscle health...

..Most clinical guidelines for the prevention of hip fractures recommend 800 IU vitamin D per day. This dose shifted serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25(OH)D) in previous studies to between 60 and 100 nmol/l...

..While estimates suggest that 2000 IU vitamin D3 per day may successfully and safely achieve this goal, the implications of 2000 IU or higher doses for the total adult population need to be addressed in future studies...

..Ideally, the target range for 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be at least 75 nmol l(-1), which may need more than 700-1000 IU vitamin D in individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency or those overweight...

..Antifracture efficacy with supplemental vitamin D has been questioned by recent trials...

..In combination with a vitamin D supplement, dairy products may be an optimal source of calcium at higher age as milk provides both calcium and protein...

..To test the efficacy of supplemental vitamin D and active forms of vitamin D with or without calcium in preventing falls among older individuals...

..Current intake recommendations of 200 to 600 IU vitamin D per day may be insufficient for important disease outcomes reduced by vitamin D...

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..Care of elderly patients after hip fracture is not well established...

..91 (95% CI 0.81-1.01). Our conclusion is that in our meta-analysis of cohort studies, there was no overall association between milk intake and hip fracture risk in women but that more data are needed in men...

..The role of total calcium intake in the prevention of hip fracture risk has not been well established...

..However, little is known about whether supplemental cholecalciferol plus calcium citrate malate will lower the long-term risk of falling in men, active older individuals, and older individuals with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels...

..To describe the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level and bone mineral density (BMD) in persons with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA)...

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..The implications of higher doses for the entire adult population should be addressed in future studies...

..Two main factors discussed in this review may help public health efforts to ensure desirable vitamin D levels for fall and fracture prevention, including (1) a sufficient dose of vitamin D and (2) improved adherence to supplementation...

..0001; men = 0.0001). Among men and women, 25(OH)D status seems to be the dominant predictor of BMD relative to calcium intake. Only women with 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nM seem to benefit from a higher calcium intake...

..The role and dose of oral vitamin D supplementation in nonvertebral fracture prevention have not been well established...

..We conclude that higher intake of vitamin D is not associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension...

..Vitamin D has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects in in vitro and in animal studies. However, data from clinical studies of inflammatory diseases are scarce...

..Vitamin D may improve muscle strength through a highly specific nuclear receptor in muscle tissue...

..The results of meta-analyses examining the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and fracture reduction have been inconsistent...

..Falls among elderly individuals occur frequently, increase with age, and lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. The role of vitamin D in preventing falls among elderly people has not been well established...

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..which found that 700-800 IU/d vitamin D reduced hip fracture risk in elderly individuals by 25%, by defining the need for additional calcium supplementation in individuals receiving vitamin D for the prevention of hip fractures...

..To determine the effect of four vitamin D supplement doses on falls risk in elderly nursing home residents...

..31 (95% CI: 2.03 to 2.63) in men and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.44 to 1.72) in women. Plasma 25(OH)D levels are inversely associated with risk of incident hypertension...

..To evaluate the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency in HIV-positive patients, a population at risk for osteoporosis...

..The effect of supplementation with calcium alone on risk fractures in a healthy population is not clear...

..The aim of this report is to describe changes of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentrations achieved with a single oral dose of 300000 IU vitamin D3...

..This review will summarize the scientific basis that led to the most recent recommendations...

..Finally, fall prevention strategies and how these translate into fracture reduction are evaluated based on data from randomized controlled trials...

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..The objective was to provide guidelines to clinicians for the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency with an emphasis on the care of patients who are at risk for deficiency...

..This method can thus be a useful approach to study potential relationships between muscle fiber subtypes and vitamin D receptor expression...

..We aimed to assess the association of cinacalcet with a decrease in renal function based on a meta-analysis of observational studies in kidney transplant patients with persistent HPT...

..Periodontal disease (PD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease and an important risk factor for tooth loss. Vitamin D might affect periodontal disease risk via an effect on bone mineral density (BMD) or via immunomodulatory effects...