Peter D Ghys

..To detect anti-HIV antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions of HIV-seronegative female sex workers and to evaluate whether the presence of these antibodies is associated with increased sexual exposure...

..To examine the quality of HIV sero-surveillance systems in countries by 2002, as well as trends between 1995 and 2002...

..It also provides an example of using the EPP in a country with a generalised epidemic. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the software and its envisaged future developments...

..Review of recent data and practice to derive guidance on questions relating to the measurement and analysis of trends in HIV prevalence and incidence...

..This requires the mapping of sex workers' contact venues, and drawing a random sample from the resulting sampling frame...

..To assess clinic- and community-based trends in demographic and behavioral characteristics and clinic-based trends in HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in female sex workers in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire...

..There is a need to improve data collection and introduce new tools to monitor behavior trends and the impact of interventions...

..To investigate epidemiological patterns and trends of HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young people aged 15-24 years in the nine countries in southern Africa most affected by the HIV epidemic...

..To present the methodology used to calculate coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and review global and regional trends in ART coverage...

..The paper also discusses the limitations and weaknesses of the procedures and the data used to make the estimates, and suggests areas where further improvements need to be made...

..The mid-2005 estimate of 970,000 people receiving ART in low- and middle-income countries (with an uncertainty range 840,000-1,100,000) corresponds to a coverage of 15% of people in need of treatment...

..This article examines the availability of data to measure progress toward reducing HIV incidence and AIDS mortality and discusses the extent to which changes can be attributed to programs...

..These effects were due to high HIV-1 prevalence in rural areas and the locally unstable nature of malaria transmission that results in a high proportion of adult cases...

..The framework is cost effective at $1060 per life-year gained, and the additional investment proposed would be largely offset from savings in treatment costs alone...

..The potential advantages and disadvantages of targeted versus universal vaccination will have to be considered...

..The results could serve as an important resource for HIV scientists, public health officials and HIV vaccine developers...

..Increased efforts are needed to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1...

..Analyses suggest that if the successes achieved in some countries in prevention of transmission can be expanded to a global scale by 2005, about 29 million new infections could be prevented by 2010...

..Algorithms for sexually transmitted infection (STI) case management were designed in a female sex worker (FSW) clinic in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, in 1993...

..Wealthier populations do better than poorer ones on most measures of health status, including nutrition, morbidity and mortality, and healthcare utilization...

..In this paper, we quantify the opportunities and potential risks of large-scale treatment roll-out...

..Existing HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers and among the general population should be sustained and reinforced...

..We explain the reason for moving to the use of plausibility bounds, the factors that determine the width of the bounds, and the implications for policy makers and programme managers...

..Thus, greater spending on prevention now would not only prevent more than half the new infections that would occur from 2005 to 2015 but would actually produce a net financial saving as future costs for treatment and care are averted...

..To review the available data relating to child mortality in Africa by the HIV infection status of mothers and children...

..The comparison of surveillance data with financial data provides added insights in the adequacy of the response. These findings and experiences set a new agenda for technical and structural directions to improve data use in countries...

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..To assess the accuracy of demographic estimates that include the effects of HIV/AIDS on adult mortality...