P Hellman

..e., no residual macroscopic tumor) in 4 patients. We conclude that RF using cooled-tip needles is safe and efficient; it may be performed percutaneously and intraoperatively; and it may expand the indications for liver resection...

..The present data establish parathyroid gland as a target for retinoids and as a site of synthesis of the hormonal forms of vitamin A (retinol), all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid...

..Liver metastases and significant preoperative weight loss are identified as major negative prognostic factors for survival...

..The operations were performed with no mortality and low morbidity. We conclude that large and malignant EPTs with limited spread of disease may benefit from a combination of medical and surgical therapy...

..This review summarizes data on regulation of PTH release, dysregulation in HPT, as well as proliferation of parathyroid cells...

..05). As VDR alleles were unrelated to parathyroid intracellular Ca2+, influences of polymorphic VDR alleles on PTH secretion seem to involve mechanisms other than the Ca2+-sensing protein of the parathyroid cell surface...

..The low calcium stimulated cell proliferation may also be inhibited by vitamin D and RA...

..However, these actions are not sufficiently pronounced and tissue specific to allow their use for correcting hyperparathyroidism...

..The hypercalcemic disorder of the present family is caused by an inactivating point mutation in the cytoplasmic tail of the CaR and displays clinical characteristics atypical of FHH and primary HPT...

..The results indicate that somatostatin and octreotide lack direct actions on parathyroid cells, which contrasts to their effects on calcium signalling in cells from pancreatic islets...

..This molecule, known as gp330/megalin, is among several tissues present in the proximal tubule, parathyroid and placental cytotrophoblasts, in which a Ca2+-sensing function has been demonstrated...

..These findings support the hypothesis that MEN1 gene mutations contribute to the tumorigenesis of nonfamilial, malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors...

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..Expression of VDR and 1-alpha-hydroxylase in PTC may be compatible with an overall favorable prognosis for this tumor type and may constitute important prerequisites for using vitamin D and/or vitamin D analogs in the treatment of PTC...

..During the past decade, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has evolved as a sensitive method for the detection of small pancreatic lesions...

..0006-0.0001), whereas HPT of MEN 1 and uremia seemed unrelated to the VDR polymorphisms (p = 0.26-0.96). The results suggest that the VDR alleles b, a, and T are novel risk factors in the essentially uncharacterized pathogenesis of spHPT...

..The aim of the present study was to compare open minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with the video-assisted technique for primary hyperparathyroidism in a multicentre randomized trial...

..To evaluate whether dexamethasone suppression treatment can improve (11) C-metomidate positron emission tomography (MTO-PET) detection of small adrenocortical adenomas in primary aldosteronism (PA)...

..Relatively little is known about the relationship between serum calcium concentration and the underlying causes of diabetes-insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion-in the normocalcaemic general population...

..These findings should be considered in future development of vitamin D analogues for treatment of HPT...

..However, it is not clear whether such therapy will provide symptom reduction or increased survival...

..Other tumours--glucagonoma, VIPoma, and non-functioning endocrine pancreatic tumours--are often large or metastasizing, but generally require surgical debulking to alleviate hormonal symptoms and have favourable survival...

..The aim of this study was to investigate biological effects of a non-1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogue in normal and tumour parathyroid cells...

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..In addition, expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (24-hydroxylase) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was investigated...

..This strategy with early and aggressive surgery is believed to reduce the risks for malignant progression...

..Favourable survival and appreciable quality of life can be expected with this combined treatment, even in patients with advanced midgut carcinoids...

..Radical parathyroid resection is advocated in this hypercalcemic disorder, which may represent an intermediary stage between primary hyperparathyroidism and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia...

..This contribution presents research progress concerning primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), and the background for recent notable changes in treatment policy...

..The findings imply that in addition to feedback control by circulating 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels, parathyroid cells may also be influenced by local 1alpha -hydroxylase activity with possible growth regulatory and differentiating effects...

..It has become obvious that surgical treatment of these tumours is of increased concern and can have a marked impact on symptoms and survival...

..The divergence between cause-specific and relative survival implies the need for a more detailed analysis of the causes of death of these patients...

..Favourable survival and life-quality can be expected with this treatment also in patients with advanced midgut carcinoids...

..Newly developed vitamin D analogues with reduced calcemic effects and with more pronounced antiproliferative effect may provide new favorable treatment for reversal of HPT...

..Both ectopic pancreatic tissue and malignant insulinoma are rare. We encountered the combination of these rare entities in a patient demonstrating hypoglycemic symptoms...

..A detailed analysis of causes of death in a population-based cohort of small intestinal malignancies has not been presented before in the literature...

..Secondary dyslipidaemia in pHPT has attracted little attention, although morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases have been reported to be increased in these patients...

..We conclude that the vitamin D analogues EB1089, GS1590 and CB1393 may be suitable for treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to uremia and that further evaluation in vivo should be considered...