Mats Olsson

..However, recent work derived from outbred populations in other taxa suggest a greater generality of the principles we discuss than previously may have been appreciated...

..However, male spatial distribution and mobility during the mating season suggest that the non-random pairing process in the wild may also be driven by corresponding genetic benefits to males pairing with less related females...

..When later released into the wild, the individuals that grew more rapidly as neonates experienced much higher mortality than did slower-growing conspecifics, regardless of the elevation at which they had been kept...

..Thus, fecundity selection and sexual selection work in concert to drive the evolution of sexual dimorphism in trunk length in snow skinks...

..Our experiment thus lends support to the immunocompetence-handicap hypothesis, suggesting that male testosterone levels have been moderated by balancing selection for reproductive success and sustained immune function...

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..Females with throat bibs had significantly lower levels of superoxide than females without a bib, which was not the case for males...

..Thus, EUK's powerful antioxidation removes the erosion effect of superoxide on coloration and experimentally verifies the prediction that colors reflect innate capacity for antioxidation...

..In agreement with Zahavian handicap theory, O-males had a (marginally) higher reproductive success than males that lacked this fragment...

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..If our study has general applicability across taxa, it predicts taxon-specific sex allocation effects depending on which sex is the heterogametic one...

..To date, the only estimate of the heritability of telomere length in wild populations comes from humans. Thus, there is a need for analysis of natural populations with respect to how telomeres evolve...

..ImageJ resulted in shorter average telomere length, but this difference had virtually no qualitative effect on the patterns of ongoing selection...

..unsuccessful mate acquisition showed that red males were under negative selection when they dominated the population, which suggests ongoing frequency dependent selection on male colouration...

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..We therefore suggest that systemic SO constrains immune activation in painted dragon males. We speculate that this may be due to sex-specific selection pressures on immune investment...

..Thus, levels of reactive oxygen species varies among females, offspring and in relation to reproductive investment in a manner that makes its regulatory processes likely targets of selection...

..Thus, carotenoid intake does not reduce circulating levels of ROS or bSO, suggesting that carotenoids are inefficient antioxidants in vivo and, therefore, are unlikely to provide a direct link between oxidative stress and colouration...

..We discuss the results in relation to selection on ejaculate traits via natural and sexual selection in this and other amphibians...

..We suggest that the effects of superoxide on hatchling telomere shortening may be partly balanced by transgenerational effects of vitellogenin antioxidation...

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..This increase in condition is likely to stem from greater access to female-associated sites with high food availability...

..As microsatellite loci are unlikely to be direct targets of selection, we suggest that variability at these loci may cosegregate with other polymorphic genes directly linked to fitness...

..The results are discussed in relation to potential constraints on sex-ratio adjustment, alternative selection pressures, and the evolution of temperature-dependent sex determination...

..We suggest that the evolution of ROS dynamics may be ROS species specific and perhaps depend on the relative degree of uni- or biparental inheritance of ROS main regulatory pathways...

..However, it also suggests that this has probably evolved through natural selection for increased offspring viability (primarily through production of daughters), rather than through increased mate attraction (e.g. sexy sons)...

..However, bibbed males may invest more into "mating success" than nonbibbed males, which agrees with our experimental results and paternity data...

..Thus, shifts in sex ratio, for example over the reproductive season, can partly be explained by different survival of son-producing sperm or some unidentified female mechanism taking effect during prolonged storage...

..Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis showed that females that produced more clutches over time suffered more DNA erosion, whereas females with higher SOD levels suffered less DNA erosion...

..Furthermore, sex ratios were not influenced by incubation temperature. However, the variation among females resulted in female-biased mean population sex ratios at hatching both within and among years...

..The role of UV in communication has, however, never been examined...

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..Thus, this study confirms the importance of genetic (family) effects on pathogen resistance with variation in this trait among natural populations...

..This study demonstrates that male siring success is primarily dictated by among-male differences in innate siring success with less influence of male-female relatedness...

..In conclusion, there are significant differences in testosterone profile between the two color morphs, providing a potential proximate link to the behavioural differences between them...

..Long-lived organisms, such as water pythons, may invest relatively more into crucial self-maintenance functions such as parasite defence, compared to short-lived organisms...

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..When housed continuously together with males, however, follicle recruitment and fertilization were achieved. Thus, not only ovarian growth, but also fertilization, is dependent on male stimuli...

..We conclude that the proximate effect of compromised antipredation and its associated stress seems to have a more pronounced effect in males than in females and that age-associated telomere dynamics differ between the sexes...

..Thus, there is likely to be a significant genetic component in embryonic resistance to fungal infection in frog embryos. Early developmental stages may show more diverse defences against pathogens than has previously been acknowledged...

..fordi strongly contrasts with the results for the congener Ctenophorus pictus, where sex ratios show variation among females. Thus, Australian agamids offer promising opportunities to address fundamental issues in sex ratio biology...

..In males, the difference in allometry between sex ratio environments remained over time, whereas in females the corresponding effect disappeared...

..Thus, hybridization in these sympatric tree frogs does not compromise fertilization but has a strong impact on offspring viability and opportunity for reinforcement selection on mate choice for conspecific partners...

..To our knowledge, this study is the first to show evidence for post-copulatory selection of sperm from genetically more similar individuals within a natural population...

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..Changes in thermoregulatory behaviour thus allow pregnant female lizards to modify the sex of their offspring...

..Here we determine the risk in a large-scale population-based case-control study...

..During the recent 10-yr period no significant change has occurred, and the annual mean concentrations are more or less stable at a higher level as compared to the beginning of the study period...

..A PLS-DA model, showed that some of the contaminants (e.g., HBCD and CB28) had significantly higher concentrations in egg than in muscle, although 7 of the 14 contaminants showed no difference in concentrations between the two matrices...

..However, the guillemot has levels in the low ppm range indicating a considerable biomagnification of BCPS in this species...

..To assess the reproducibility of the data recorded a random sample of the cases were reviewed a second time and compared to the original recording...

..We hypothesized that CYP7B1 expression is increased in prostate tumors and that promoter methylation contributes to the regulation of CYP7B1 expression in human prostate tissue...