Ola Forslund

..As there are already 34 characterized HPV types described within the genera Betapapillomavirus and Gammapapillomavirus, they appear to be the most genetically diverse of the HPVs, apparently comprising at least 167 different HPV types...

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..Because the vast majority of women with positive cytology are also HPV DNA positive, screening strategies that use HPV DNA testing as the primary screening test may be more effective...

..01). In conclusion, additional studies are required to clarify the biological meaning of seropositivity as a marker of cutaneous HPV infection and skin disease...

..However, as these types were found in only a few samples and in low amounts, a possible role in carcinogenesis remains elusive...

..HPV DNA is common in superficial layers of lesions, but is not necessarily present throughout tumors...

..The E7 proteins of HPV92, 93 and 96 were found to bind the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). These results suggest a possible role for these HPV types in skin carcinogenesis that deserves further study...

..7% (48/2856) of the genital samples, whereas both HPV109 and 112 were rare viruses found at high viral loads only in their index samples...

..The high viral load of HPV 92 in two BCCs differs from the low amount of HPV DNA reported from nonmelanoma skin cancers...

..All these had very low viral loads (<1 copy/10(3) cells) implying extreme biological variability in viral load...

..In conclusion, high throughput sequencing was an effective means to identify both known and previously unknown HPV types in putatively HPV-associated lesions and has revealed an extended diversity of HPV types...

..In summary, seropositivity for certain HPV types was associated with an increased risk for future development of SCC and BCC...

..In summary, we found that HPV38 is heterogeneous and is one of so far only few HPVs that contain subtypes. The heterogeneity needs to be considered in studies of the biology of this virus...

..The nested HPV PCR is more sensitive and capable of amplifying a broad spectrum of HPV types from skin tumours, but further improvements are needed before all HPV infections in skin can be detected by a single assay...

..aureus. The study design used cannot determine whether the association implies that presence of S. aureus might influence carcinogenesis or whether it may imply that SCC has an increased susceptibility to S. aureus colonization...

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..001). The lower expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL in KA is consistent with a possible role of apoptosis in the regression of KA...

..Persistence was not significantly associated with age, sex, immunosuppressive treatment, history of warts, or genus of HPV. We conclude that cutaneous HPV infections commonly persist over several years on healthy skin...

..As there are variable UV-B responses among the HPV types, further studies of interactions between UV-B and HPV need to consider the HPV type...

..Keratoacanthomas are benign, clinically distinct skin tumors that may infiltrate and show cellular atypia. A viral etiology has been suggested, and the aim was to search for human papillomavirus (HPV) in keratoacanthomas...

..The number of types/putative types in each genus was 54, 58 and 103. Thus, there appears to exist at least 47 different subtypes/putative subtypes of HPV and they seem to be particularly common in the genus Beta-papillomavirus...

..In conclusion, continued global proficiency studies will be required for establishing comparable and reliable HPV genotyping services for vaccinology worldwide...

..In summary, multiplexed HPV serology using mammalian-derived PsVs selected for native conformation by binding to heparin-coated beads was validated as a high-throughput HPV serological method for most of the analysed HPV types...

..The type-specific HPV prevalence found support in previous modeling studies suggesting that HPV screening may be a favorable cervical screening strategy...

..Further and larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of HPV in the aetiology of cutaneous SCC...

..This favorable feature and the high-throughput potential make this assay ideal for large-scale clinical and epidemiological studies aimed at determining the spectrum of cutaneous types in skin cancer...

..5 months). Photodynamic therapy is an alternative in the treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia, although prospective randomized trials are required to provide therapeutic guidelines...