H A Domanski

..Immunocytochemistry can help to establish the neurogenic origin of the tumor cells...

..FNA features alone are not sufficiently characteristic to permit a confident diagnosis of DFSP. Correct diagnosis requires an awareness of the clinical history and the use of ancillary studies...

..We conclude that FNA smears from high-grade OS have characteristic features, which together with clinical and radiological data and ancillary studies allow correct diagnosis in most tumors...

..The main limitation of FNAC of soft tissue and bone neoplasms is in the evaluation of tissue architecture. In addition cytologic specimens are not always adequate for ancillary studies...

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..The current study suggests that the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) features are highly diagnostic, permitting a firm diagnosis of EFD in a typical clinical setting and eliminating the need for preoperative histologic examination...

..Correct diagnosis requires an awareness of cytologic features of this rare tumor and the use of ancillary studies...

..Smears from ALM are not sufficiently characteristic to permit a histotype diagnosis, but together with typical clinical data (painful or tender nodule) may help to exclude other skin or subcutaneous lesions...

..Intravenous pyogenic granuloma (IvPG) is a rare, benign lesion occurring usually as a subcutaneous mass in the neck or upper extremity. The cytologic features of IvPG have not been described before...

..Correct preoperative evaluation of this tumor is of crucial importance as its treatment is complete excision only and not radical surgery...

..Its diagnosis may be difficult to render from cytologic smears, as it shares some features with other spindle cell lesions occurring in the skin and soft tissue...

..The cytologic features are poorly defined, and aspirates from SCL may cause diagnostic problems, because SCL shares some features with other fatty/spindle cell or myxoid lesions, benign as well as malignant...

..The diagnosis of LGFMS can be difficult to render from fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) alone because of morphological overlap with other spindle cell and myxoid lesions...

..On the basis of these results, we conclude that translocations leading to fusion of the EWS and FLI1 genes are not part of the pathogenesis of GCT...

..The objective of the present study was to call attention to the variable cytology of rare variants of synovial sarcoma. Furthermore, adjunctive diagnostic methods, necessary for a correct diagnosis, are discussed...

..By hematoxylin-eosin staining of the slides used for FISH analysis it could be shown that the clustered trisomic cells were proliferating synoviocytes within villous extensions of the synovial membrane...

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..Furthermore aspirates showing predominantly Antoni A features, nuclear pleomorphism, and/or myxoid changes can easily be confused with other types of benign or malignant soft-tissue tumors...

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..Our results suggest that BCOR and/or an ECM-like protein could be involved in the pathogenesis of a subgroup of PNET or PNET-like sarcomas...

..Taken together, the results indicate that virtually all LGFMS are characterized by a chimeric FUS/CREB3L2 gene, and that rare cases may display a variant FUS/CREB3L1 fusion...

..The results indicated that FUS/CREB3L2 is specifically associated with LGFMS and that RT-PCR or FISH analysis may be useful for the differential diagnosis...

..The molecular genetic analyses showed that the tumor cells always retained both parental copies of chromosome 12, thus refuting the trisomy 12 and duplication hypotheses...

..The feasibility of tissue microarray for immunohistochemical studies of soft tissue sarcomas offers new possibilities to study multiple markers in large tumor materials...

..FNAC of soft tissue lesions is facilitated when limited to specialized orthopedic-oncologic centers with a well-integrated multidisciplinary team and experience in the evaluation and therapy of soft tissue lesions...

..In addition, topoisomerase I consensus sequences were found close to the junctions, suggesting that this enzyme may participate in the genesis of the EWS/ATF1 fusion...

..Ancillary studies can confirm the diagnosis of LMS and help in the correct interpretation of predominant spindle-cell or epitheloid-cell smears resembling neurilemoma or carcinoma, respectively...

..The identified genetic aberrations were not confined to MIFS; an identical t(1;10) was also found in a case of HFT and the amplicon in 3p was seen in an IMFH...

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..We conclude that our case of GCRG shared several cytogenetic characteristics with GCTB but none with ABC...

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..Thus, the existence of genetic heterogeneity has to be taken into account when RT-PCR is used for the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma...

..Several genes are located within the 2 sequences spanning the breakpoints, and further studies should be performed to determine whether any of these are involved in the formation of a fusion gene...

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..By FISH, we could also show that breakpoints in bands 10q22-23 do not affect the MYST4 gene, whereas breakpoints in 6p21 or 8q11-12 occasionally target the HMGA1 or PLAG1 genes, respectively, also in conventional lipomas...

..We concluded that intratumor variability exists but that accurate gene expression profiling also could be obtained using single samples from a large STS...

..Our findings strongly indicate that deletion of a limited region (approximately 2.5 Mbp) within 13q14, distal to the RB1-locus, is of importance in the development of a subset of lipomatous tumors...

..Hence, we suggest that proliferation, as measured by Ki-67 index, should be considered as a prognostic marker in clinical management of pleomorphic soft tissue sarcomas...

..Therefore, this publication should be welcomed by all cytopathologists involved in the FNA diagnosis of tumours as a valuable addition to their benchside textbooks...

..This study was based on a large series of patients from the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Register acquired during a 15-year period (from 1986 to 2001). Follow-up information was available for all patients...

..To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first demonstration of a somatic biallelic inactivation of the NF1 gene in neurofibroma, providing further evidence for the importance of NF1 inactivation also in sporadic neurofibromas...