A Wolk

..When adipose tissue is not available, 15:0 content in serum cholesterol esters or phospholipids might be used. Intake data based on repeated 24-h recalls are equally informative and may be an equivalent choice in nutritional studies...

..Our goal was to determine whether an association exists between serum levels of IGF-1 and one of its binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and prostate cancer risk...

..42 and 0.45, respectively. Content of 15:0 and 17:0 in subcutaneous adipose tissue might be a valid biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products...

..Epidemiological studies of men suggest that dietary fiber intake protects against coronary heart disease (CHD), but data on this association in women are sparse...

..corrected] We evaluated the relation between obesity and the risks for various forms of cancer...

..The possible benefit of lifetime physical activity (PA) in reducing prostate cancer incidence and mortality is unclear...

..Moderate relative risk reductions translate into weak absolute risk reductions for oesophageal cancers in Sweden...

..Our results may be relevant for the implementation of focused, cost-effective preventive measures...

..To further explore this issue, we have examined these associations in a population that consumes relatively low amounts of fruit and vegetables and high amounts of cereals...

..Our purpose was to investigate effects of physical activity on risk for breast cancer...

..We evaluated the hypothesis that higher levels of total daily physical activity can eliminate the increased mortality rate associated with overweight and obesity...

..41, 1.31), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.24), 0.59 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.07), and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.88) (p for trend = 0.03). The role of overall eating patterns in predicting colorectal cancer risk requires further investigation...

..We found no evidence of an inverse association between either occupational or leisure time physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer in this prospective cohort...

..These results support previous reports in which results were stratified by age or colorectal cancer site...

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..The excess seemed to disappear within 10 years after a change in physical activity level. Although confounding cannot be ruled out in our data, occupational physical activity appears to reduce the risk for endometrial cancer...

..Experimental data convincingly propose the toxic metal cadmium as a prostate carcinogen. Cadmium is widely dispersed into the environment and, consequently, food is contaminated...

..Our findings have important implications, suggesting weight preservation as a means for prevention of post-menopausal breast cancer as well as a causal role of childhood body build in breast cancer etiology...

..The absence of association among women might be due to smaller range of exposure, confounding by household work or reproductive factors, or to a difference in biological response to physical activity in men and women...

..To estimate the prevalence and trends in dietary supplement and natural remedy use in Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s...

..Children may exclude or eat less of some fruits and vegetables due to cross-reactivity between pollen and these foods, complicating assessment of causal relationships...

..Our findings indicate that dietary factors associated with LES relaxation and transient GER (but perhaps not severe chronic reflux) are not associated with any important risk of esophageal malignancy...

..65; 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.94). Aspirin use for a shorter period was not associated with risk...

..Cohort studies are few in number however and often suffer from a small number of cases, limited attention to confounding variables, and a low percentage of heavy coffee drinkers...

..Middle-aged men have often been the subjects of multifactorial studies of myocardial infarction (MI) risk factors. One major objective of the SHEEP study was to compare the effects of different MI risk factors in women and men...

..To investigate which subgroups of the Swedish adult population use dietary supplements and natural remedies, taking into account sociodemographic and health behaviour factors...

..However, the association between abdominal and total adiposity as risk factors in the development of acute pancreatitis in a general population has not been studied...

..However, epidemiologic data on the relation between coffee and black tea consumption and breast cancer survival are sparse...

..Alcohol intake has consistently been associated with increased breast cancer incidence in epidemiological studies. However, the relation between alcohol and survival after breast cancer diagnosis is less clear...

..Research investigations and health policy considerations should take into account the emerging evidence that monounsaturated fat might be protective for risk of breast cancer...

..An association between birth weight and renal cell cancer, the major form of kidney cancer, is biologically plausible, but has never been studied...

..We found no evidence of effect modification by sex. Our quantitative summary shows that increased BMI is equally strongly associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer among men and women...

..The relationships between body mass index (BMI) during early and middle-late adulthood and incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) by subtype of the disease (localised, advanced) and fatal PCa is unclear...

..Our results suggest that higher levels of PA and the main component of active living, walking or bicycling are associated with reduced cancer incidence and mortality, as well as higher cancer survival...

..Findings from this prospective study support positive relationships of overall obesity, abdominal adiposity, diabetes and smoking with risk of pancreatic cancer...

..To provide a quantitative assessment of the association between diabetes and risk of endometrial cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of case-control studies and cohort studies...

..Drinking beverages very hot did not increase the risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, or gastric cardia adenocarcinoma...

..Therefore, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of localized and advanced PCa...

..Several studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of chronic pancreatitis. However, the impact of smoking on the development of acute pancreatitis has not been fully studied...

..Further elucidation of this association would be valuable from both etiologic and public health perspectives...

..Our data do not support the strong, dose-dependent positive association with colon cancer found in the Finnish study...

..We evaluated the validity and reproducibility of a short self-administered physical activity questionnaire, intended to measure long-term total daily 24 h physical activity...

..Studies on alcohol intake in relation to endometrial cancer risk have produced inconsistent results...

..To study the impact of the dietary antioxidant quercetin on risk of gastric adenocarcinoma...

..An observational cohort study was undertaken to examine the associations between waist circumference as a measure of abdominal adiposity, and between body mass index (BMI) as a measure of total adiposity, and risk of AAA...

..We conducted a meta-analysis to summarise the evidence from prospective studies of red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk...

..No previous studies have examined the association between 25(OH)D status and confirmed hypertension assessed with both office and 24-h BP measurements...

..These individuals in particular should be identified, with the goal of helping them find ways to include more fruit and vegetables in their diets...

..17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.34) for those who were overweight and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.51-2.36) for those who were obese. This meta-analysis finds that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer...

..We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the association between diabetes and risk of bladder cancer...

..A low proportion of women accumulated MVPA in the pattern recommended for health benefits. The proportion would increase considerably if women maintained their current amount of MVPA but increased the duration of each bout of MVPA...

..65 (95% CI, 0.45-0.94; P-value for trend=0.04). Our findings suggest that high consumption of whole grains may decrease the risk of colon cancer in women...

..35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.68). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity among the results of individual studies. This meta-analysis confirms the association between excess body weight and risk of gallbladder cancer...

..During the last decade, the epidemiological evidence on consumption of meat and risk of ovarian cancer has accumulated...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of alcoholic beverage in causing acute pancreatitis...

..A significant 17% risk reduction for breast cancer overall in the high lignan quartile was observed, especially among PMH user (P interaction<0.010), but no heterogeneity across ER/PR subtypes...

..To study quality of diet in relation to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality...

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..We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the association between diabetes and incidence of kidney cancer...

..The proposed cadmium-induced oestrogen mimicking effects in reproductive tissues, suggest a role of this widespread food contaminant in the development of hormone-dependent malignancies...

..Further studies are needed to better understand the potential role of physical activity for prostate cancer...

..37 (95% CI, 0.90-2.06). The associations with fruit and vegetable consumption did not vary by subtype of ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that high consumption of vegetables, but not of fruits, may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer...

..6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9), white wine (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0), or strong beer (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0); there was a clear linear trend of decreasing risk with increasing consumption of these beverages (P-values for trends <0.05)...

..The relationship between smoking and the risk of diverticular disease is unclear. An observational cohort study was undertaken to investigate the association between smoking and diverticular disease...

..To assess the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes...

..To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-used in a cohort of 48,000 men to determine dietary supplement use...

..During April to September, 25(OH)D status may be improved by solar exposure. In this study, we measured seasonal differences in serum 25(OH)D concentrations and identified the major predictors of summer 25(OH)D concentrations...

..To examine whether early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors were associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity...

..99-1.63), comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of ascorbic acid intake. Consumption of foods high in ascorbic acid may convey protection from breast cancer among women who are overweight and/or have a high intake of linoleic acid...

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..Associations for endometrioid, mucinous, and serous ovarian cancer were similar to the overall findings. This pooled analysis does not support an association between moderate alcohol intake and ovarian cancer risk...

..Consumption of coffee and tea, and total intake of caffeine has been claimed to be associated with osteoporotic fracture risk. However, results of earlier studies lack consistency...

..CONCLUSION: These results suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption during adulthood is not significantly associated with reduced breast cancer risk...