Paul Lichtenstein

..However, little is known about how genetic and environmental factors contribute to the associations between the psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior...

..Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that has been associated with criminal behavior in some studies. Pharmacologic treatment is available for ADHD and may reduce the risk of criminality...

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..Population-based studies of the heritability of other neuropsychiatric disorders and comorbidities among them have also been sparse. The authors sought to address both of these issues...

..In particular, we describe recent efforts to screen all twins born between 1959 and 1985, and young twin pairs when they turn 9 and 12 years of age. For these studies, we present initial frequencies of common conditions and exposures...

..In this article we describe the sample, data collections, and measures used. In addition, we provide some key findings from the study, focusing on antisocial behavior, criminality, and psychopathic personality...

..Our objective was to investigate whether fetal growth and birth weight affect the risk of asthma in childhood, controlling for gestational age (GA), and shared (familial) environment and genetic factors...

..The increased odds ratio between offspring of sisters was independent of maternal risk factors for preterm birth, suggesting that the relative importance of maternal effects is not explained by these well-known risk factors...

..Women with schizophrenia are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is not known whether offspring born to fathers with schizophrenia also have an increased risk...

..It is hypothesized that associations found between birth weight and subsequent risk of type-2 diabetes are due to inherited genes affecting both fetal growth and metabolism of insulin...

..To better understand the influence twinning may have on health, we investigated long-term health outcomes of twins, their singleton siblings and singletons from the population...

..Life-course persistent criminality has been proposed to have a partly biological etiology; our results agree with a stronger biological effect (i.e., de novo mutations) on persistent violent offending...

..Together, these findings emphasize the importance of genetically informed studies in family research and the role of the environment and interpersonal relationships in promoting and improving mental health...

..Studies have found associations between low birth weight and increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. However, these associations could be due to confounding by genetic or socioeconomic factors...

..Results indicate that physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of mortality not due to genetic selection. This finding supports a causal link between physical activity and mortality...

..Poor fetal nutrition has been suggested to explain this association. Our objective was to determine whether genetic factors contribute to the association between low birth weight and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes...

..4), appeared to result from both phenotypic assortment and social homogamy, but had only minor effect on variance components. Finally, we found significant gender differences in the etiology of violent crime...

..Here we investigate the extent to which genetic variants in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with pair-bonding and related social behaviors in humans...

..The results showed that this association was best explained by evocative genotype-environment correlation...

..We aimed to assess genetic and environmental contributions to liability for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and their comorbidity...

..An abundance of evidence has firmly established the familial aggregation of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine how age at onset, parental characteristics and season of birth modify the familiality in schizophrenia...

..The aim of the current study was to explore the links between both paternal and grandpaternal age with respect to the risk of schizophrenia in a large, national register-based cohort...

..The hypothesis that the aggressive pathway is genetically mediated was supported in girls, whereas the hypothesis that the nonaggressive pathway is environmentally dependent was supported in boys...

..This study examined how interpersonal relationships, specifically marital quality and adequacy of social support, are associated with depressive symptoms among women...

..Advancing paternal age has been reported as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders...

..Little is known of the onset of breast cancer in high-risk populations. We investigated the risk of breast cancer in twin sisters and in the contralateral breast taking family history into consideration...

..78). No association was found for prostate cancer. We conclude that age is an important effect modifier of cancer risk associated with obesity and that obesity and overweight in young adult life may affect cancer risk also later in life...

..This suggests that previously reported differences in caretaking between mothers and fathers also are reflected in differences in why parenting is associated with externalizing behavior in offspring...

..The study aimed to investigate whether the association between birth weight and the risk of breast cancer can be confounded by familial factors, such as shared environment and common genes...

..The aim of this study was to assess genetic links between the extreme and the subthreshold range of ADHD symptoms...

..To determine whether low birth weight increases the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and early adolescence...

..Epidemiological studies have suggested a familial aggregation. This study aimed to quantify the genetic influence (i.e. the heritability) on dystocia...

..We motivate our problem with real questions from psychiatric epidemiology and demonstrate how different substantive issues of comorbidity between two diseases can be put into the analytical framework...

..This study first considers age and cohort explanations for age-related changes in mean values and variance in self-rated health. Second, it evaluates the contributions of genes and environments to self-rated health measured longitudinally...

..To investigate annual prevalence of disability pension (DP) from 1992 to 2007 and associations with sociodemographic factors in 1992...

..Prenatal factors such as prenatal psychological stress might influence the development of childhood asthma...

..There is a long-standing belief that creativity is coupled with psychopathology...

..It suggests that aggression in children evokes negative parenting, which in turn influences adolescent antisocial behavior. The mechanism proposed by these findings is consistent with evocative gene-environment correlation...

..Numerous studies have shown that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher mortality. We investigated the extent to which this association might be explained by genetic factors...

..However, the results were sensitive to issues related to power, minor effects of the genes, ethnic differences and the complex mechanism underlying obesity...

..This study was undertaken to disentangle the maternal genetic, fetal genetic, and environmental effects for the risk of having small-for-gestational-age (SGA) offspring...

..As SA seem to be influenced by genetic factors, future studies of associations between risk factors and SA should consider this potentially confounding effect...

..Our results indicated that hyperactivity/impulsivity, but not inattention, is an important early predictor for early-onset substance use, and a shared genetic susceptibility is suggested to explain this association...

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..94, 95% CI 0.84-1.05). In conclusion, we found reduced fertility in patients with schizophrenia and among their offspring that was not compensated by higher parental or sibling fertility...

..Because the malignancies are dependent on UV radiation, we did separate analyses for sun-covered and sun-exposed sites...

..To assess the relative risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in families of ALS patients...

..The aim in this study was to investigate the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour, and to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to this association...

..These data may be valuable for planning and interpreting genetic studies of schizophrenia...

..Thus, the model provides evidence for etiologic generality and etiologic specificity for the stability of psychopathic personality between mid- and late adolescence...

..4-0.9). Genetic factors account for more than half of the liability of preeclampsia, and maternal genes contribute more than fetal genes. We suggest that the couple effect is due to a genetic interaction between mother and father...

..Finally, nonshared environmental influences were the primary contributor to both individual reports and the overlap of spouse reports, an interesting deviation from findings of behavior genetic studies of other types of relationships...

..In conclusion, our results show heritability to be a major susceptibility factor for symptomatic gallstone disease, consistent with results from previous, much smaller studies...

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..These results suggest an association between a single gene and pair-bonding behavior in humans, and indicate that the well characterized influence of AVP on pair-bonding in voles may be of relevance also for humans...

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..CONCLUSIONS: The genetic stability highlights the importance of the continuing search for genes and endophenotypes of ADHD...

..The association between low birthweight and schizophrenia is partly a function of reduced fetal growth. Fetal growth restriction seems to be associated with risk of schizophrenia independently of familial factors...

..To study the association between method of attempted suicide and risk of subsequent successful suicide...

..Within-twin-pair analysis provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether factors shared within twin pairs influence the association...

..We examined if mothers' smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with long-term impairment in offspring stress coping and the causal mechanism behind a possible link...

..This could be important for studies of potential susceptibility genes for these diseases...

..One explanation for this paradox could be that socioeconomic status moderates the influence of genetic and environmental effects on antisocial behavior...

..The aim of this study was to examine genetic influences contributing to the development of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and inattentive symptoms of ADHD from childhood to adolescence...

..There is a dearth of long term, follow-up studies after sex reassignment...

..However, other explanations such as personality characteristics influencing how experiences with parents are interpreted or circumstances in adult life that affect the recall of experiences could not be ruled out...

..However, many studies have not been able to replicate findings of association between specific polymorphisms and diastolic and systolic blood pressure...

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..To investigate the impact of coexistent psychiatric morbidity on risk of suicide after a suicide attempt...

..The authors propose that this latent psychopathic personality factor is a meaningful target for future etiological research...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic effects on leisure-time physical activity using data from the Swedish Twin Registry...

..To determine the genetic and environmental influence on the liability for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery...

..The importance of physical activity for breast cancer risk seems to depend on birth cohort. The association may be limited to normal-weight postmenopausal women and overweight premenopausal women...

..When interpreting the findings, the very brief measure of sexual problem behavior and low statistical power, precluding the analysis of possible coinheritance with other symptoms or disorders, should be borne in mind...

..We have prospectively investigated maternal serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and the main binding protein insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in women with and without preeclampsia...

..To study the long-term relationship between symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the developing self-esteem in a population-based sample of twins...

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..CONCLUSIONS: A greater proportion of individuals who were listed in a national cancer registry reported experiencing fatigue compared with individuals in the general population...

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..12 to 0.30 for breast cancer, and 0.08 to 0.27 for colorectal cancer. We conclude that genetic susceptibility makes only a small to moderate contribution to the incidence of prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer...

..Our results provide strong support for a model of schizophrenia pathogenesis that includes the effects of multiple rare structural variants, both genome-wide and at specific loci...

..Finally, a model which includes dominance genetic effects (ADE model) is preferred for genetic and statistical reasons...

..This model is used to estimate the size of the susceptible fraction and the correlation between the frailties of the twin partners. Possible extensions, advantages, and limitations of the proposed method are discussed...

..These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that aggressive ASB is a stable heritable trait as compared to nonaggressive behavior, which is more strongly influenced by the environment and shows less genetic stability over time...

..Finally, the results of a sample analysis of twin data on prostate cancer are presented...

..Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness with marked morbidity and mortality...

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..These findings indicate that parents' genetically influenced characteristics help shape the emotional climate of the family...

..The inferential problem is solved in a Bayesian framework and the numerical work is carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods...

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..The most notable difference in findings for fathers and mothers is for positivity and the presence of rGE for father's control and monitoring. These findings and their implications are discussed...

..While the nature of common fears changes over development, we do not know whether genetic effects on fear-proneness are developmentally stable or developmentally dynamic...

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..Based on these findings, we urge social scientists to take seriously the idea that differences in peer and parental socialization are not the only forces that influence variation in cooperative behavior...

..In several cases, both types of GE correlation were indicated. Finally, observer ratings of negativity and monitoring were influenced only by environmental factors...

..Once snus use was initiated, more men continued using snus rather than quit tobacco completely...