S C Larsson

..However, few epidemiologic studies have specifically evaluated high-fat dairy food consumption, and none have evaluated CLA intake, in relation to colorectal cancer risk...

..13 (95% CI = 1.05-1.22) for cohort studies. In conclusion, prospective cohort studies, but not case-control studies, support the hypothesis that high intakes of dairy foods and lactose may increase the risk of ovarian cancer...

..We examined the association between long-term dietary vitamin B6 intake and risk of colorectal cancer and whether this association is modified by consumption of alcohol, which may disrupt 1-carbon metabolism...

..Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been implicated in several chronic diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis...

..65 (95% CI, 0.45-0.94; P-value for trend=0.04). Our findings suggest that high consumption of whole grains may decrease the risk of colon cancer in women...

..Few epidemiologic studies, however, have examined the relationship specifically between tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer...

..Findings from this population-based cohort study support an inverse association between dietary folate intake and risk of colon cancer and suggest that smokers might benefit most from a high dietary folate intake...

..Further studies are needed to evaluate and verify these mechanisms in humans to gain more understanding of the effects of n-3 fatty acid intake on cancer risk...

..37 (95% CI, 0.90-2.06). The associations with fruit and vegetable consumption did not vary by subtype of ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that high consumption of vegetables, but not of fruits, may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer...

..High intakes of dairy products and of the milk sugar lactose have been hypothesized to increase ovarian cancer risk, but prospective data are scarce...

..04). These findings suggest that high consumption of red meat may substantially increase the risk of distal colon cancer. Future investigations on red meat and colorectal cancer risk should consider cancer subsites separately...

..CONCLUSION: A high dietary folate intake may play a role in reducing the risk of ovarian cancer, especially among women who consume alcohol...

..65; 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.94). Aspirin use for a shorter period was not associated with risk...

..We examined the association between folate intake and risk of pancreatic cancer in a population-based prospective study of Swedish women and men...

..No associations were observed for ER+/PR+ or ER-/PR- breast tumors. These findings suggest that a high carbohydrate intake and diets with high glycemic index and glycemic load may increase the risk of developing ER+/PR- breast cancer...

..However, prospective studies of calcium intake in relation to breast cancer incidence are sparse...

..Vitamin B(6), vitamin B(12), and methionine intakes were not significantly associated with any subtype of stroke. These findings in men suggest that a high dietary folate intake may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction...

..Statistical power to examine associations by colon site has been limited in previous studies...

..Findings from this prospective study support positive relationships of overall obesity, abdominal adiposity, diabetes and smoking with risk of pancreatic cancer...

..17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.34) for those who were overweight and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.51-2.36) for those who were obese. This meta-analysis finds that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer...

..However, the role of fiber in the prevention of stroke is unclear. We examined the associations of dietary fiber and fiber-rich food intake with risk of stroke within the Alpha-tocopherol, Beta-carotene Cancer Prevention Study...

..We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the association between diabetes and risk of bladder cancer...

..However, findings from epidemiologic studies on CLA intake in relation to breast cancer risk are sparse and inconsistent...

..68; 95% CI 0.48-0.96). No association was observed for work/occupational activity. These results support a role of physical activity in reducing the risk of colon and rectal cancer...

..Mounting evidence indicates that vitamin B(6), a coenzyme involved in nearly 100 enzymatic reactions, may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer...

..The epidemiological evidence that fatty fish consumption may be associated with the lower risk of several cancers is not consistent and no studies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exist...

..Many women use multivitamins in the belief that these supplements will prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, whether the use of multivitamins affects the risk of breast cancer is unclear...

..Case-control studies and one prospective cohort study on folate intake in relation to stomach cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results...

..To resolve these inconsistencies, we conducted a meta-analysis of published data on the association between diabetes and the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer...

..Recent epidemiologic studies have generally reported a modest inverse association between calcium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. However, findings pertaining to specific subsites in the colorectum have been conflicting...

..Although case-control studies have reported conflicting results for dairy foods and lactose, several cohort studies have shown positive associations between skim milk, lactose, and ovarian cancer...

..Results for histologic subtypes were similar. Overall, fat, cholesterol and egg intakes were not associated with ovarian cancer risk. The positive association for saturated fat intake at very high intakes merits further investigation...

..Associations for total fruits and vegetables were similar for different histologic types. These results suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption in adulthood has no important association with the risk of ovarian cancer...

..We conducted a meta-analysis to summarise the evidence from prospective studies of red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk...

..35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.68). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity among the results of individual studies. This meta-analysis confirms the association between excess body weight and risk of gallbladder cancer...

..45 (95% confidence interval 1.03-2.03; P(trend)=0.03). These results do not support an association between red meat intake and overall breast cancer risk but suggest that fried meat intake may increase the risk of ER+/PR- breast cancer...

..We quantitatively assessed the relation between coffee consumption and the risk of liver cancer in a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies...

..We prospectively examined the association between meat intake and bladder cancer risk in a population-based cohort study...

..Whether dietary acrylamide intake is associated with the risk of cancer in humans is uncertain. We aimed to assess the relation between dietary acrylamide intake and the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer...

..Findings from epidemiologic studies of the effect of dairy foods (mainly milk) on the risk of bladder cancer have been inconsistent...

..These findings for Swedish women do not support the hypothesis that dietary acrylamide is positively associated with risk of breast cancer, at least not within the ranges of acrylamide consumed by this population...

..71-1.31) for colon cancer and 0.91 (95% CI 0.62-1.34) for rectal cancer. In conclusion, this study provides no evidence that dietary acrylamide in amounts typically consumed by Swedish men is associated with risk of colorectal cancer...

..We examined the association between dietary folate intake and the risk of breast cancer by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of the breast tumor in the Swedish Mammography Cohort...

..We performed a meta-analysis of prospective and case-control studies to examine folate intake and levels in relation to risk of breast cancer...

..96; 95% CI = 1.08-3.58). Our findings suggest that high consumption of processed meat may increase the risk of stomach cancer. Dietary nitrosamines might be responsible for the positive association...

..Whether fruit and vegetable consumption may confer protection from gastric cancer remains controversial...

..The association between consumption of cruciferous vegetables and pancreatic cancer risk warrants further investigation...

..24 (95% CI, 0.95-1.62) for women with (versus without) diabetes. Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer...

..Findings from this population-based prospective cohort of middle-aged and elderly women did not provide evidence of a positive association between glycemic load, glycemic index and carbohydrate intake with risk of stomach cancer...

..20-0.97) for poultry. There were no significant associations with processed meat, fish or egg consumption. Findings from this prospective study suggest that substituting poultry for red meat might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer...

..We examined the associations of coffee and tea consumption with risk of stroke subtypes...

..22; 95% CI = 1.05-1.42). These prospective data suggest that coffee consumption may increase the risk of stomach cancer in a dose-response manner. This finding needs to be confirmed in other prospective studies...

..Whereas obesity has been associated with an increased risk of colon cancer in men, a weak or no association has been observed in women. Results for rectal cancer have also been inconsistent...

..Results did not vary by body mass index. The findings from this prospective study do not support the hypothesis that a high carbohydrate intake, a high glycemic index, and a high glycemic load increase the risk of colorectal cancer...

..66; 95% CI, 0.41-1.07) and rectal cancer (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.89). CONCLUSION: This population-based prospective study suggests that a high magnesium intake may reduce the occurrence of colorectal cancer in women...

..Consumption of light beer, wine, and hard liquor was not significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Our findings suggest that constituents of beer other than alcohol may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer...

..We examined the association between dietary acrylamide intake and risk of prostate cancer in a cohort of men...

..99 (95% CI, 1.17-7.67) for glycemic load. Results from this cohort study suggest that a high carbohydrate intake and a high glycemic load may increase the risk of endometrial cancer among overweight women with low physical activity...

..These results suggest that consumption of the major carotenoids during adulthood does not play a major role in the incidence of ovarian cancer...

..To assess the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes...

..We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the association between diabetes and incidence of kidney cancer...

..97, 1.04). The associations were not modified by colorectal cancer risk factors. The findings from these two large prospective cohort studies do not support the hypothesis that coffee consumption lowers the risk of colorectal cancer...

..These findings suggest that dietary alpha-carotene and beta-carotene are inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer among smokers and among women who do not use dietary supplements...

..Our data suggest that metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional factors are important determinants of IGFBP-1 levels in healthy men...

..In conclusion, these findings do not support the hypothesis that dietary acrylamide intake is positively associated with risk of endometrial cancer, at least not within the ranges of acrylamide consumed in this population...

..The relationship between processed meat consumption and the risk of stomach cancer is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize available evidence from cohort and case-control studies on this issue...

..In the present study, we used data from this prospective study to examine whether methionine and vitamin B(6) intakes were associated with the incidence of exocrine pancreatic cancer...

..Frequent consumption of sugar and high-sugar foods may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer by inducing frequent postprandial hyperglycemia, increasing insulin demand, and decreasing insulin sensitivity...

..81-1.64). Similarly, no associations were observed for height, weight, body mass index or waist circumference. These findings in men do not support a role for diabetes, height or excess body mass in the aetiology of bladder cancer...

..The associations did not differ by sex or smoking status. In conclusion, findings from this prospective study suggest that fruit and vegetable intakes are not likely to be appreciably associated with the risk of bladder cancer...

..The results of this meta-analysis of prospective studies support the hypothesis that high consumption of red meat and of processed meat is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer...

..However, epidemiologic studies of vitamin A, retinol (preformed vitamin A), and provitamin A carotenoids in relation to the risk of gastric cancer have documented inconsistent results...

..95; 95% CI, 0.76-1.20; n = 3 studies). These findings indicate that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma...

..43; 95% CI, 1.23-1.68) or obese (cohort studies: RR, 1.27, 95% CI, 1.15-1.41; case- control studies: RR, 1.82, 95% CI, 1.47-2.26). Results from this meta-analysis indicate that excess body weight may be a risk factor for multiple myeloma...

..A high intake of magnesium, calcium, and potassium and a low intake of sodium have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of stroke. However, prospective data relating intake of these minerals to risk of stroke are inconsistent...

..52 (95% CI, 1.19-1.95) for acute myeloid leukemia and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09-1.46) for chronic myeloid leukemia. This meta-analysis indicates that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of developing leukemia...

..We did a meta-analysis to summarize available evidence from epidemiologic studies investigating the relation between use of aspirin or other NSAIDs and the risk of pancreatic cancer...

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..19; p-heterogeneity = 0.12) in women. There was no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.58). Findings from this meta-analysis of prospective studies support a positive association between BMI and risk of pancreatic cancer in men and women...