M Lambe

..Our findings indicate that parity affects the risk of invasive breast cancer and carcinoma in situ similarly, whereas the effect of age at first birth appears to be weaker for the risk of carcinoma in situ...

..The Swedish tobacco company Swedish Match collaborated with Philip Morris in challenging measures to limit tobacco use, including the new, stricter tobacco law proposed in the early 1990s...

..For melanomas, prostate, breast and thyroid cancer there were clear seasonal variations with reductions in the number of cases reported during the summer and December that are likely to reflect mainly hospital delays...

..It remains possible, however, that pregnancy may influence breast cancer risk through some immunologic mechanism; further testing of the fetal antigen hypothesis may require development of relevant laboratory measures...

..During pregnancy, alpha-fetoprotein reaches peak concentrations in maternal serum during the third trimester...

..The corresponding rate ratio for the fall was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.84-1.15) It was concluded that the shift to and from daylight savings time did not have measurable important immediate effects on crash incidence in Sweden...

..Although uncontrolled confounding might have affected our results, they do not indicate that hormonal or immunological changes associated with childbearing play a role in the development of Hodgkin's disease...

..08-1.22). The observed positive association between parity and renal cell cancer risk is unlikely to be fully explained by uncontrolled confounding, but warrants further evaluation in large studies, with allowance for body mass index...

..Our results suggest that in the setting of population-based outreach mammography programmes, previous contacts with the health care system and encouragement from health professionals represent determinants of attendance...

..We performed a population-based cohort study in which women with a history of hydatidiform mole were followed up for future cancer outcomes...

..Our results do not support the hypothesis that human chorionic gonadotropin is responsible for the protective effect of pregnancies upon breast cancer risk...

..The scientific evidence on whether long-term use of snuff is associated with high blood pressure is limited, inconsistent and based only on cross-sectional data...

..The observed moderate inverse relationship between parity and cardia cancer may be mediated by non-hormonal factors and warrants further study...

..The effectiveness of mammography screening could be improved if factors that influence nonattendance were better understood...

..Environmental exposures in early life have been implicated in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Siblings are used as proxy markers to characterize patterns of exposure relevant to the risk of IBD...

..The use of this smokeless tobacco has increased in recent decades, and adverse health effects associated with snuff use could be of great public health concern...

..Possible cancer risks in PTCA patients have been discussed, but never before examined in a population-based setting...

..An improved dialogue appears an attractive way of adapting the screening situation to meet the varied needs and expectations of the women who are invited...

..A delay in diagnosis indicates that early signs and symptoms of MG are still not well known by all doctors...

..Also, findings from several studies indicate an association with impaired cognitive function in the children...

..Women using HRT after diagnosis had a better survival than women with no use, but we cannot rule out that this latter finding may reflect a subtle selection process...

..The purpose of this study was to study the effect of pregnancy outcomes on risks of continued smoking in subsequent pregnancy...

..The period before the risk increases again could indicate the period required for ovarian cancer induction...

..39 to -0.05). In normal pregnancies, maternal alpha-fetoprotein is inversely related to prepregnancy body mass index and appears to have a physiologic role on duration of gestation rather than on birth weight...

..The purpose of this study was to assess fertility in women with type 1 diabetes and the risk of congenital malformations in their offspring...

..To investigate the role of sociodemographic factors in predicting mammography uptake in an outreach screening program...

..Pregnancy influences subsequent maternal ovarian cancer risk. To date, there is limited evidence whether two characteristics of pregnancy, gestational age and birth weight, could modify risk...

..Our findings suggest that hormonal and physiologic conditions in pregnancy with male, but not with female, offspring are associated with a lowered maternal risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer...

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..A nested case-control study was undertaken to explore if parity and age at first birth affect the risk of developing these malignancies...

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..Few studies, however, have investigated the independent effect of material and psychosocial conditions as well as lifestyle factors on self-rated health...

..During pregnancy, these markers have been inconsistently associated with subsequent risk of breast cancer in the mother...

..To explore whether the risk of chronic renal failure varies by socio-economic status, we performed a population-based case-control study in Sweden...

..From a public health perspective, smoking and overweight today probably represent the most important modifiable risk factors for pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes...

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..Our study strongly supports evidence of an association between subfertility and the subsequent risk for testicular cancer...

..Several studies have reported an inverse association between birth order and testicular cancer risk, but estimates vary greatly and the biologic mechanism underlying the association is not established...

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..Based on a small number of subjects, our finding of an increased risk in a subgroup of uniparous women losing their only child could be due to chance...

..In contrast, HL among children and older adults may be associated with earlier childhood infection. This study examines the associations of HL risk with having older or younger siblings...

..The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well defined and analysis of family structure may provide etiologic clues. We conducted a case-control study to examine possible associations...

..The significantly lower levels of AFP in women who gave birth to girls could indicate a possible gender-specific regulatory mechanism...

..The seasonal pattern in HL diagnosis among young adults and boys is consistent with an infectious origin, whereas the results among older adults neither support nor dispute the possibility of an infectious etiology in this age group...

..To assess the influence of socio-economic factors on breast cancer survival in Sweden, a country with population-based mammography screening and a uniform health care system aiming to provide care to all on equal terms...

..Because pregnancy hormones are primarily produced by the placenta, placental weight may be an indirect marker of hormone exposure during pregnancy...