M Kivipelto

..Vascular risk factors play a role in the development of dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD). However, little is known about the effect of body mass index and clustering of vascular risk factors on the development of dementia...

..Several vascular risk factors are associated with dementia. We sought to develop a simple method for the prediction of the risk of late-life dementia in people of middle age on the basis of their risk profiles...

..The apoE epsilon4 carriers may be more vulnerable to environmental factors, and thus, lifestyle interventions may greatly modify dementia risk particularly among the genetically susceptible individuals...

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..The interplay of genes and environment in the aetiology of AD needs to be further investigated as well as the role of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions for the prevention of dementia...

..Another marker of vitamin B12 deficiency, holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC), has not been studied in a prospective setting...

..People with low education have unhealthier lifestyles and more cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear how this affects the association between education and dementia...

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..Thus, dietary interventions may potentially modify the risk of dementia, particularly among genetically susceptible individuals...

..To examine the relation between serum levels of homocysteine (tHcy) and holotranscobalamin (holoTC), the active fraction of vitamin B12, and risk of incident Alzheimer disease (AD) in a sample of Finnish community-dwelling elderly...

..Regular physical activity may reduce the risk or delay the onset of dementia and AD, especially among genetically susceptible individuals...

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..The risk effect of APOE epsilon 4 allele for Alzheimer's disease is acknowledged, whereas the putative protective effect of epsilon 2 allele remains in debate...

..This study aimed to clarify the association between work-related physical activity and dementia/AD...

..Our objective was to prospectively investigate the association between tHcy and TSH and the subsequent development of AD...

..The neuroprotective effect of vitamin E seems to be related to the combination of different forms, rather than to alpha-tocopherol alone, whose efficacy in interventions against AD is currently debated...

..Little is known about the effects of midlife alcohol drinking on the cognitive functions later in life...

..The levels of apoE in cerebrospinal fluid were also correlated to the levels of Tau and the possibility is discussed that the level of apoE in cerebrospinal fluid may be used as a marker of neurodegeneration...

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..The differences in the GM density localized mainly in frontal lobes. There was no significant association between midlife physical activity and severe WML later in life after full adjustments (OR 4.20, 95% CI 0.26-69.13, p=0.32)...

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..To explore the hypothesis that older adults often are affected by more than one disease, making the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) difficult...

..Risk of dementia increased with increasing alcohol consumption only in those individuals carrying the apolipoprotein e4 allele...

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..In patients with AD, the percentages of those with increased levels of 24OHC, tau and phospho tau were similar (55-67%). In this pilot study, we discuss the possibility that 24OHC may be a sensitive test for MCI...

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..Our results suggest an interaction between dietary and genetic factors in the development of tauopathies, which can be relevant in humans, where the apoE4 isoform could have a lack of function as compared to other isoforms...

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..Dementia costs in developing countries are estimated to be US$73 billion yearly, but care demands social protection, which seems scarce in these regions...

..Our results suggest that the ERC atrophy precedes hippocampal atrophy in AD. The ERC volume loss is dominant over the hippocampal volume loss in MCI, whereas more pronounced hippocampal volume loss appears in mild AD...

..A similar, but nonsignificant, trend was evident in relation to folate. The research is discussed with reference to vulnerability models and genetic influences on brain reserves...

..In cases homozygous for the epsilon4 allele (n = 8) versus noncarriers, the greatest atrophy was located in the right amygdala followed by the right parahippocampal gyrus, the left amygdala and the left medial dorsal thalamic nucleus...

..To test the hypothesis that metabolic syndrome predicts cognitive impairment, and to examine the association of single metabolic risk factors with cognitive functioning...

..Both the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele and vascular factors have been associated with a higher risk for AD, recently they have also been linked to the risk of MCI...

..Elevated midlife values for total cholesterol level and blood pressure have been implicated recently as risk factors for Alzheimer disease...

..Based on these data, we propose that proper, early interventions aimed at reducing these cardiovascular risk factors may have an impact on the future incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease...

..If such differences between ChE-Is are shown to have clinical correlates, this may prompt reconsideration of the rationale and expectations of some agents in the long-term management of AD...

..This is compatible with protective effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on hippocampal atrophy and Alzheimer's disease...

..This finding was unrelated to incipient dementia up to 6 years following testing. The results are discussed with reference to the neuroanatomical reserves that epsilon4 carriers may possess...

..The analyses also feature the role of elevated glycoproteins in the risk for AD, supporting the view that coexistence of inflammation and the MetS forms a high risk condition for cognitive decline...

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..The MTL volumetry helps in identifying among the MCI subjects a group, which is at high risk for developing AD...

..We investigated whether carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) predicts the risk of cognitive impairment and whether the putative impairment is specific for some cognitive domains...

..Inflammation has been linked to cognitive impairment. However, limited data are available on the association between inflammatory markers and cognitive function...

..We conclude that widespread cortical atrophy is present already two and a half years before a clinical diagnosis of dementia can be set...