Johan Grunewald

..The influence of HLA class I alleles on sarcoidosis thus seems more pronounced than previously thought, and both HLA class I and class II should be relevant to evaluate in the clinical management of sarcoidosis patients...

..The authors suggest that such exposure may be an interesting model for studying factors contributing to lung accumulations of eosinophil granulocytes in humans...

..Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology frequently affecting the lungs. CD4+ T cells, in particular, accumulate in the lungs, implicating them in the pathogenesis of the disease...

..This report shows the T-cell repertoire of BAL fluid T cells to correlate with the disease (sarcoidosis). indicating a local and specific immune response triggered by an unknown antigen in sarcoidosis...

..By using antigenic peptides presented in vivo in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients, we have identified blood and lung T cell autoimmune responses that may help sustain the inflammation in this disease...

..This study is important because it may lead to a more accurate definition of Löfgren's syndrome, and an exact phenotype of patients is crucial in modern medical research...

..Recently, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) molecules were suggested to be important regulators of immune function. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether TIM molecules could play a role in sarcoidosis...

..There is a known association between HLA-DRB1*03 and Löfgren's syndrome...

..In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on BAL cellular components in asymptomatic smokers. The effects of smoking cessation, age and gender were also investigated in groups of smokers and exsmokers...

..Progression of allergic inflammation is driven by T-helper type 2 (Th2) mediators and is associated with alterations in the levels of lipid mediators...

..BDNF and NT-3, but not NGF, stimulated HBSMC migration as evaluated by Boyden chamber. Taken together, our data indicate that the neurotrophins may stimulate events important for airway remodeling...

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..These diseases have several similarities from their clinical aspects. The aim of this study was to compare the protein profile at the site of active inflammation i.e. the lungs of patients with sarcoidosis and CBD...

..We aimed to investigate whether the degree of functional polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs), or Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, is associated with sarcoidosis or with distinct clinical manifestations of this disease...

..Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxidants are important factors in causing exacerbations in asthmatics, and the source and composition of pollutants greatly affects pathological implications...

..This may possibly be caused by actual differences between distinct ethnic groups, too small sample sizes, or because of lack of accurate clinical subgrouping...

..Nicotine is a powerful modifier of the inflammatory response. By comparing risks associated with tobacco smoking and with smokeless tobacco, the role of nicotine in the development of chronic inflammation may be evaluated...

..However, less is known about levels of BDNF and NT-3, and moreover, knowledge in the cellular sources of neurotrophins and the distribution of the corresponding neurotrophin receptors in airway tissue in sarcoidosis is lacking...

..Exosomes are nano-sized immunomodulatory vesicles of endosomal origin released from a diverse range of cells and are also found in physiological fluids including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from healthy individuals...

..Our aim was to extend the use of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO(breath)), a well-established method for separating smokers from non-smokers, to assessment of recent smoking status...

..Our findings may further emphasize asthmatics as a vulnerable group to common air pollutants...

..For the first time, to our knowledge, we have identified HLA-bound peptides presented in vivo during an inflammatory condition. This approach can be extended to characterize HLA-bound peptides in various autoimmune settings...

..To investigate T cell receptor (TCR) expression in 3 different compartments that could be involved in patients with myositis: muscle, lung, and peripheral blood...

..Also, genetic analyses have revealed a number of chromosomal regions and specific genes associated with sarcoidosis. This review brings up some recent discoveries on the genetic contribution to sarcoidosis...

..We hypothesised that Wnts secreted from T cells or other inflammatory cells have a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis...

..Our data suggest that both cigarette smoke extract and hypoxia modulate the T cell response. This may be of importance in diseases characterized by T cell accumulation, such as COPD...

..Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology, affecting young adults and frequently involving the lungs...

..Although a large number of genes are associated with sarcoidosis, this review focuses on gene associations and their influence on the disease phenotype, including the disease course...

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..In conclusion, the present data show a reduced expression of T-helper cell type-1 cytokines in human leukocyte-associated antigen-DRB1*0301 positive patients, which may relate to their good prognosis...

..We aim to investigate the influence of age, gender, collection site and season on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid results and to establish reference values for use in clinical practice...

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..In the present study we therefore analysed the total serum protein profile of the patients earlier reported, with active sarcoidosis...

..These findings are exciting news and will be of help in designing new treatment strategies...

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..The objective of this study was to investigate local and systemic regulatory mechanisms in the early asthmatic response to bronchial allergen provocation...

..In addition, our data suggest an effector function of AV2S3+ lung-accumulated T cells in sarcoidosis...

..Moreover, the association of these cells with a good prognosis indicates that AV2S3(+) T cells may have a protective role against a presumed sarcoidosis antigen...

..These results indicate that the locally accumulated AV2S3 positive T-lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage are involved in the pathogenic process of sarcoidosis in this patient group...

..These results support our hypothesis of an ongoing and selective stimulation of AV2S3 T cells by a specific antigen and the participation of this subset in the inflammatory process in the lungs of patients with sarcoidosis...

..The aim of this study was to investigate any effects on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy individuals exposed to airborne wheat flour dust with or without fungal alpha-amylase added...

..Recent findings indicate that atopics may be more vulnerable to stress than non-atopics. However, the roles of psychological well-being and sleep in this presumed increased sensitivity are not known...

..In conclusion, we found that SameSpots represents improvements both in reproducibility and objectivity in relation to previous generations of 2-DE analysis software...

..To investigate whether smoking and HLA-DR shared epitope (SE) genes may interact in triggering immune reactions to citrulline-modified proteins...

..TCR repertoire alterations after allergen challenge differed between individuals, with relatively mild changes...

..Since mechanisms governing the normal resolution of inflammatory processes are poorly understood, this study aimed to investigate the apoptotic phenotype of peripheral blood and lung T lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis...

..This was most pronounced for CD8+ cells, which may therefore make an important contribution to the inflammatory process in the lungs in pulmonary sarcoidosis...

..The described proteomics approach will in the future be used to asses overall changes in the protein content associated with sarcoidosis and may offer the possibility of identifying disease-specific proteins...

..We investigated the expression of adhesion molecules on alveolar T-lymphocytes and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum to elucidate mechanisms behind the accumulation of cells in the lung in sarcoidosis...

..Stress can aggravate the allergic inflammation, but determinants of disturbed immune regulation are largely unknown...

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..This article will mainly discuss genetic associations with LS, and the possible implications of such associations...

..We studied if HBSMC may be a source of NGF, BDNF and NT-3, and if so, how inflammatory cytokines may influence their production...

..These findings are exciting news and may be of help for designing new treatment strategies...

..Identification of citrullinated proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from smokers has led to the suggestion that citrullination induced by smoking might be the first step in the pathogenic chain of RA...

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..CONCLUSION: Thus, the cumulative dose provocation regimen can induce a more pronounced Th2-like immune response in asthmatic patients than the low dose provocation model...

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..By studying inflammatory parameters in these patients we wished to increase the knowledge of the involved mechanisms that may underlie good prognosis...

..This study was aimed at increasing the understanding of the capacity to present antigens by APC in the lung compartment...

..If such an immune response were important for the subsequent clinical manifestations, this case would argue for the importance of human leukocyte antigen genes in the genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis...

..These results strongly suggest that BV8(+) CD4(+) T cells with the described CDR3 motif recognize a specific antigen presented by DR4 molecules, indicating the existence of a common vasculitis-associated antigen...

..To identify T cell expansions, i.e. increased frequencies of T cells using a particular T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha or V beta gene segment, in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)...

..Reduced levels of pulmonary CC16 may cause loss of anti-inflammatory activity in the airways and contribute to the development of airway inflammation in asthma...

..4; 95% CI 0.8 to 2.2). Thus, sarcoidosis appears to be associated with a significantly increased risk for cancer in affected organs. Chronic inflammation is a putative mediator of this risk...

..In conclusion, activated CD4+ T cells can stimulate fibroblast-mediated degradation of ECM in vitro. This could be a mechanism by which activated T cells stimulate degradation of lung tissue leading to pulmonary emphysema...

..In conclusion, this study indicates that swine dust can, at least in part, stimulate phagocytic cells to activate natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes through the production of interleukin-12...

..The mapping of BALF proteins with inclusion of those at low concentration increases the possibility to subsequently screen patient material for disease markers...

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..Serum ACE level (S-ACE) was measured in all controls and 72 patients. Sixty-one patients were classified as chronic or nonchronic after 2 years follow-up. All patients were recruited and followed at our outpatient clinic...

..Future studies in this field may reveal how candidate antigens, identified by other techniques, play a role in the sarcoid inflammation...

..The biological effects of guanidine, N-[3-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]propyl]-N-dodecyl- have not previously been described in the literature...

..With improved understanding of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in sarcoidosis, in particular the identification of a sarcoidosis antigen, novel strategies aimed at curing or even preventing sarcoidosis can be devised. ..