L Fratiglioni

..Further research is necessary to better define the mechanisms of these associations and better delineate preventive and therapeutic strategies...

..Both family aggregation and apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele are well-known risk factors for dementia, but the relation between these two factors remains unclear...

..Variability will decrease only when more precise criteria and aims of the concept "MCI" will be specified...

..These findings indicate a role for IDE in AD, and provide models that may improve chances of further independent replication...

..To determine the occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptomatology and the relation to future development of Alzheimer disease (AD) in persons with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI)...

..Few data are available on the effect of social ties on dementia development. This study explored whether single social network components and different degrees of the social connections affect dementia incidence...

..The natural history of the dementias have been sufficiently outlined for allocating medical and social resources, and for counseling patients and relatives...

..A review of all studies that either support or refute this hypothesis is presented separately for PD and AD...

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..To investigate the symptom of low mood as a predictor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its progression to dementia, taking into account: (i) MCI severity, (ii) time of assessment and (iii) interaction with other factors...

..BACKGROUND and..

..The relationship between education and Alzheimer disease (AD) or dementia has been widely examined and the evidence obtained is mixed. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the observed association between them...

..This study confirms that dementia and cognitive impairment are the main contributors to institutionalization in the elderly, independently of their sociodemographic status, social network, or functional status...

..We aimed to clarify the association of diabetes with different dementing disorders taking into account glycaemic control, and to explore the link between glucose dysregulation and neurodegeneration...

..We investigate whether an aggregation of VRFs is associated with volume of hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in elderly people living in the community...

..The aim of the current study was to explore the separate and combined effects of neuroticism and extraversion on the risk of dementia, and to examine whether lifestyle factors may modify this association...

..Both stroke and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele increase the risk of dementia. However, the interaction between stroke and APOE on dementia is still unclear. We addressed this topic by using a longitudinal design...

..This question is relevant both for understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of the dementias and for the public health prospective because of the increasing number of 85-year-old or older persons in our population...

..Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most important causes of old-age cognitive impairment. We aimed to examine the influence of history of vascular disease on cognition in preclinical and early AD...

..To investigate the accuracy of cognitive tests and clinical dementia diagnosis in distinguishing between mildly demented and nondemented subjects...

..To explore the associations of low serum levels of vitamin B(12) and folate with AD occurrence...

..To investigate whether cognitive function is related to incidence of stroke...

..The physical health correlates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the older individual are poorly known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical health and MCI with population data...

..The risk effect of APOE epsilon 4 allele for Alzheimer's disease is acknowledged, whereas the putative protective effect of epsilon 2 allele remains in debate...

..The Kungsholmen project is a longitudinal study of ageing and dementia conducted in Stockholm in 1987. In a 1994-96 follow-up, 804 subjects had their blood samples analyzed for lead...

..Further, supportive episodic memory tasks may be more salient predictors of incident AD than tasks that offer less supportive encoding or retrieval conditions...

..However, thanks to longitudinal research, which has only recently begun to proliferate, not only is better comprehension of the continuity of the cognitive decline possible, but also the identification of some prognostic factors...

..The results suggests a similarity between AD and VaD patients with regard to the nature of the episodic memory impairment, despite etiologic differences between the diseases...

..The risk for dementia and VaD is especially high when diabetes mellitus occurs together with severe systolic hypertension or heart disease...

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..We aimed to disentangle the effect of chronic multimorbidity and disability on 3-year functional decline and survival in the elderly...

..Another marker of vitamin B12 deficiency, holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC), has not been studied in a prospective setting...

..Further studies are needed to clarify whether use of antihypertensive medication, especially diuretics, modifies the effect of the allele...

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..This may reflect the fact that those biological events that eventually result in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease e.g. the appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) accumulate at a relatively slow rate...

..Thus, our results indicate an undertreatment of osteoporosis in dementia...

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..Borderline diabetes may interact with severe systolic hypertension to multiply the risk of Alzheimer's disease...

..Findings are discussed in the context of theories related to personality, psychological distress, arousal, and cognitive function...

..To investigate whether cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele were associated with cognitive decline and whether the relationship between CVD and cognitive decline varied by APOE epsilon4 status...

..We sought to examine the hypothesis that heart failure is a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer disease...

..The findings emphasize the extent to which research is needed to uncover nonfamilial environmental influences on cognitive dysfunction in later life...

..Twin studies using selected samples have shown high heritability for Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..Since many activities contain more than one component, we aimed to verify the effect of all three major components on the dementia risk, as well as their combined effect...

..The accuracy and reliability of this approach is considered for a better understanding of the developmental course of AD in these data, including the potential removal of biases due to subject selection...

..These findings show that being at greater genetic risk for dementia is reflected in cognitive performance even in the absence of a diagnosis of dementia...

..This study explored the effect of multimorbidity, cognitive and physical impairment, and sociodemographic factors on the choice of allocation of geriatric patients at hospital discharge...

..The epidemiology of dementia is one of the priority fields in aging research. This review aims to highlight the most relevant findings over last years concerning occurrence, risk factors, and prevention of dementia and its major subtypes...

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..Multimorbidity is the most common clinical picture of the elderly and may be increased by unhealthy behaviors linked to education...

..This study aims to determine how many individuals with AD show detectable symptoms or clinical signs of cognitive deficits three years before diagnosis...

..We explored the association between physical exercise at midlife and subsequent risk of dementia among members of the HARMONY study...

..Inflammation is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. In light of the chronic inflammatory properties of the atopic disorders asthma, eczema and rhinitis, we hypothesized an association with dementia...

..To describe the association between late-life body mass index (BMI) and dementia development with a time perspective and to investigate the effect of weight changes on dementia incidence...

..Delaying dementia onset by five years would halve dementia prevalence and substantially decrease the number of dementia cases in the community...

..This study aims to detect the impact of stroke on the occurrence of dementia and cognitive impairment/no dementia (CIND) in different age, sex, and education groups...

..Low education is confirmed as a risk factor for dementia. Findings from three different analytic approaches showed that genetic influences did not explain this association...

..At the moment it is also possible to delineate some preventative strategies for dementia...

..Vascular risk factors play a role in the development of dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD). However, little is known about the effect of body mass index and clustering of vascular risk factors on the development of dementia...

..Early treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular disease may be the major measures for preventing and postponing the progression of the vascular disease related cognitive decline...

..This pattern of findings suggests that the biological aging process exerts negative influences on cognitive functioning beyond those resulting from disease and mortality...

..In conclusion, the association between low education and increased AD risk was not mediated by adult SES or socioeconomic mobility. This suggests that early life factors may be relevant...

..To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms, cognition and somatic diseases on functional status of geriatric patients at hospital discharge...

..To study the hypotheses that APOE-epsilon4 allele may interact with blood pressure to affect Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence and that antihypertensive therapy could modify such an effect...

..We explored the effect of morbidity, mortality, and occurrence of new disability on gender differences in activities of daily living (ADL) functioning in different age groups in the elderly population...

..A possible exception to this pattern is that an increasing number of concomitant health conditions may exacerbate the rate of cognitive decline during the final portion of the preclinical phase in AD...

..Cause of death failed to modify the magnitude of the cross-sectional and longitudinal deficits. The pattern of results point to the general nature of this phenomenon...

..Elevated blood pressure has been found to increase the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer disease. We sought to investigate whether pulse pressure was predictive of Alzheimer disease and dementia...

..CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the psychiatric syndromes present in MCI might be related to MCI per se. Additionally, it might reflect a developing dementia or a concomitant physical disorder...

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..Previous studies have reported a higher prevalence of dementia in persons with low blood pressure...

..To evaluate a simple three step procedure to identify people in the general population who are in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease and dementia...

..Some studies suggest that manual work is associated with dementia. This study is aimed at identifying the specific occupational categories that may be related to dementia...

..Long-term survivors in dementia are not rare, and as the absolute number of demented people is increasing, expanding our knowledge of these persons is of high public health importance...

..Attention to illnesses among cognitively impaired and demented people may shed light on remediable factors crucial to their daily functioning...

..These results extend previous findings of similar patterns of cognitive deficits in the early clinical phases of AD and VaD to the preclinical phases of these diseases...

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..To detect the main factors associated with the occurrence of specific geriatric syndromes (namely pressure sores, fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence and falls) in elderly patients during hospitalization...

..Thus, although depressive symptoms may result in slight cognitive deficits in preclinical AD, at the time of the dementia diagnosis these effects may be absorbed by the neurodegenerative process...

..This study was a prospective, population-based examination of the evolution of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND)...

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..The HR was increased even when different haemoglobin cut offs for anaemia definition were used. Thus, anaemia is suggested to be a new potential modifiable risk factor for dementia...

..Among monozygotic twins where both twins had Alzheimer's disease, the within pair difference in age of onset ranged from both becoming demented in the same year to 7 years difference in onset...

..To evaluate the age, gender and education distribution of both cognitive impairment and dementia in the whole old age range of the elderly (from 61 years of age and over)...

..The meta-analysis results suggest that APOE-epsilon4 genotype does affect cognitive performance in healthy aging, although the influence is relatively small and specific to certain domains of cognitive performance...

..Extremely-low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure is suspected to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Such fields are present in the vicinity of electrical motors and other electric appliances containing coils...

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..Risk of dementia increased with increasing alcohol consumption only in those individuals carrying the apolipoprotein e4 allele...

..This observation suggests that circulatory disturbance is associated with cognitive problems several years before the actual VaD diagnosis...

..Low blood pressure has been related to an increased risk of dementia. We sought to verify blood pressure variations before and after a dementia diagnosis and to relate blood pressure decline to subsequent Alzheimer disease and dementia...

..A large, national, long-term, longitudinal, multi-purpose study has been launched in Sweden--the Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC). The study involves four research centers collecting data in four different areas of Sweden...

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