Sven Cnattingius

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..Smoking during pregnancy will continue to be an important risk factor for maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy...

..The prevalence of delayed childbearing and, especially overweight, are increasing in most developed countries. The proportion of stillbirth attributable to overweight is likely to increase...

..We used prospectively collected data about pregnancy and perinatal factors to examine the subsequent development of anorexia nervosa...

..During pregnancy, these markers have been inconsistently associated with subsequent risk of breast cancer in the mother...

..From a public health perspective, smoking and overweight today probably represent the most important modifiable risk factors for pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes...

..Our objective was to investigate whether fetal growth and birth weight affect the risk of asthma in childhood, controlling for gestational age (GA), and shared (familial) environment and genetic factors...

..Poor fetal nutrition has been suggested to explain this association. Our objective was to determine whether genetic factors contribute to the association between low birth weight and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes...

..It is hypothesized that associations found between birth weight and subsequent risk of type-2 diabetes are due to inherited genes affecting both fetal growth and metabolism of insulin...

..We therefore investigated the significance of these two factors separately...

..Women with schizophrenia are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is not known whether offspring born to fathers with schizophrenia also have an increased risk...

..The increased odds ratio between offspring of sisters was independent of maternal risk factors for preterm birth, suggesting that the relative importance of maternal effects is not explained by these well-known risk factors...

..To investigate the annual rates, types and indications for hysterectomy on benign indications in Sweden 1987-2003...

..Studies have found associations between low birth weight and increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. However, these associations could be due to confounding by genetic or socioeconomic factors...

..To study whether interpregnancy interval is associated with increased risks of stillbirth and early neonatal death and whether this possible association is confounded by maternal characteristics and previous reproductive history...

..To better understand the influence twinning may have on health, we investigated long-term health outcomes of twins, their singleton siblings and singletons from the population...

..1, 4.1]). Among non-smoking women with high caffeine intake, there was an increased risk of repeated miscarriage, whereas there was no such association among smokers. Low plasma folate levels were not associated with increased risks...

..We investigated the association between gestational age (GA) and risk of high blood pressure (HBP) in young Swedish men and whether GA modified the risk of HBP; ie, whether HBP was related to being born small for gestational age (SGA)...

..We aimed to investigate whether this association remained in late adolescence and, if so, whether it could be attributed to an intrauterine effect or to familial confounding...

..This study was undertaken to disentangle the maternal genetic, fetal genetic, and environmental effects for the risk of having small-for-gestational-age (SGA) offspring...

..We sought to study whether the association between being born small for gestational age and risk for low intellectual performance was modified by gestational age...

..We examined whether an association between preterm birth and risk of autistic disorders could be explained by pregnancy complications or neonatal morbidity...

..Thus, the association between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring risk of low intellectual performance appears to be completely confounded by familial (genetic and early environmental) factors...

..CONCLUSIONS: Delivery of a previous small-for-gestational-age infant is an important predictor of the subsequent risk of stillbirth, particularly if the infant was delivered preterm...

..Because pregnancy hormones are primarily produced by the placenta, placental weight may be an indirect marker of hormone exposure during pregnancy...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal background characteristics and obstetric factors on the risk of postpartum psychosis, specifically among mothers with no previous psychiatric hospitalizations...

..These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduced survival in breast cancer among women with a recent childbirth is linked to pregnancy hormone exposure...

..Several studies have reported an association between low birth weight and ischemic heart disease, but it remains unclear whether the association is mediated through poor fetal growth or short gestational duration...

..The purpose of this study was to study the effect of pregnancy outcomes on risks of continued smoking in subsequent pregnancy...

..The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of surgically treated stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in relation to mode of delivery and age at first childbirth...

..Prior studies showing an inverse relationship between low birth weight in offspring and maternal risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are limited by lack of information on gestational age and/or insufficient adjustment for confounders...

..We investigated the associations between birth characteristics and the risk of prostate cancer in twins, and whether possible associations could be confounded by familial factors, such as shared environment and common genes...

..The study aimed to investigate whether the association between birth weight and the risk of breast cancer can be confounded by familial factors, such as shared environment and common genes...

..In this study we investigated whether the association between measures of fetal growth restriction and intellectual performance was mediated by socioeconomic or familial factors...

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..Gastroesophageal reflux is common among preterm infants and those who are small for gestational age, and it is a strong risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus...

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..This study aimed to validate self-reported smoking, smoking cessation, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in early and late pregnancy, using the biomarker cotinine as the gold standard...

..Epidemiological studies have suggested a familial aggregation. This study aimed to quantify the genetic influence (i.e. the heritability) on dystocia...

..Although an inverse association between size at birth and blood pressure has been found in several studies, few studies have adjusted for the influence of socioeconomic and familial effects...

..To identify maternal, pregnancy, delivery and infants characteristics related to neonatal asphyxia and associated with substandard care...

..We aim to investigate whether familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and overweight in early adulthood in young Swedish males born 1983-88...

..To estimate the incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer during different calendar periods and when pregnancy-associated breast cancer was diagnosed in relation to delivery...

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..Also, findings from several studies indicate an association with impaired cognitive function in the children...

..In conclusion, this study lends some support to the hypothesis that women with viremia in early pregnancy may face an increased risk of second trimester miscarriage or very preterm birth. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed...

..No study has investigated whether smoking cessation influences the risk of infant death. This study estimates infant mortality after the second pregnancy in relation to smoking behavior in both the first and the second pregnancy...

..Normal pre-pregnancy BMI diminishes the increased risk birth size may confer in terms of gestational diabetes. Therefore, the importance of keeping a healthy weight cannot be overemphasized...

..This study aims to determine the risk of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery related to mode of hysterectomy focusing on vaginal hysterectomy...

..Similar associations were observed among monozygotic (n=84) and dizygotic (n=142) twins. These findings suggest that early intrauterine growth restriction may be inversely related to the incidence of polio...

..The association between low birthweight and schizophrenia is partly a function of reduced fetal growth. Fetal growth restriction seems to be associated with risk of schizophrenia independently of familial factors...

..Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) tends to affect young and middle-aged women. It is not known whether the existence of undiagnosed or diagnosed AAD influences the outcome of pregnancy...

..To study how social support is associated with ensuing maternal depression following stillbirth...

..To estimate the risk for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery related to vaginal birth or cesarean delivery...

..The aim of this study was to investigate risk of early spontaneous abortion related to ETS and active smoking as defined by plasma cotinine levels...

..The objective of the study was to determine the risk for pelvic organ prolapse surgery attributed to hysterectomy on benign indications..

..To determine whether the cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) Val432Leu polymorphism is associated with risk of miscarriage. We also analyzed the possible interaction between this polymorphism and caffeine intake...

..To elucidate whether exposure to some environmental factors, i.e. cigarette smoking and iodine deficiency influence the risk of thyroiditis...

..However, these associations may be confounded by the distribution of high-risk deliveries according to time of birth...

..4-0.9). Genetic factors account for more than half of the liability of preeclampsia, and maternal genes contribute more than fetal genes. We suggest that the couple effect is due to a genetic interaction between mother and father...

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..To study the association between hysterectomy for benign indications and pelvic organ fistula disease...

..To elucidate the role of level of care in combination with other perinatal risk factors for infant death in very preterm deliveries...

..7). This indicates that if Coccobacilli are detected in Pap smears during the second trimester, antibacterial treatment may lower the risk of very preterm delivery...

..The apparent protective effect with ALL needs to be explored further and in no way supports maternal smoking as beneficial, given its adverse association with common pregnancy outcomes...

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..To determine the gestational age (GA)-specific risks for neonatal morbidity and use of interventions in infants born at 30 to 34 completed gestational weeks...

..To study morbidity during the first month of life affecting infants of mothers booked for birth centre care during pregnancy...

..We conclude that the association between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring risk of suicidal acts is probably confounded by unmeasured familial factors...

..Method A cohort of 11 162 same-sexed Swedish twins born between 1906 and 1958 was used in order to investigate the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes between and within twin pairs by utilizing random effects linear models...

..These results do not support an association between moderate caffeine consumption and reduced birth weight, gestational age, or fetal growth...

..In conclusion, neither a history of induced nor spontaneous abortions is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Our data suggest a protective effect of pregnancies regardless of outcome...

..To study the associations between low maternal age at first birth and the risks of very and moderately preterm birth, in first birth and in second successive birth in adulthood...

..To investigate differences in the use of epidural analgesia (EDA) during labor between native Swedish and immigrant women and whether such possible differences could be explained by other maternal factors or birthweight...

..Type-2 diabetes increases the risk of colorectal cancer, and is also associated with low birth weight. However, we found no evidence of associations between birth characteristics and risk of colorectal cancer (m=248) among Swedish twins...

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..To clarify the mechanisms by which smoking is associated to toxic and nontoxic goitre and thyroid nodules...

..CONCLUSIONS: Teenage mothers, independent of socio-economic background, face an increased risk of premature death. Strategies to reduce teenage childbearing are likely to contribute to improved maternal and infant health...

..09-3.48) but not when the fetal karyotype was normal (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.55-2.24) or unknown (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.90-2.33). CONCLUSION: Low plasma folate levels were associated with an increased risk of early spontaneous abortion...

..We have prospectively investigated maternal serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and the main binding protein insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in women with and without preeclampsia...

..We evaluated the association of maternal, pregnancy, delivery, and infant characteristics and risk of infantile autism...

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..These findings suggest that the previously reported associations between maternal age and maternal pregnancy weight gain and the offsprings risk of breast cancer are due to factors other than antenatal exposure to oestriol...

..The relationship between hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth is unclear...

..Our results do not support the hypothesis that human chorionic gonadotropin is responsible for the protective effect of pregnancies upon breast cancer risk...

..These data indicate that neither adult anthropometry nor age at menarche is in the causal pathway between intrauterine preeclampsia exposure and the reduced risk of breast cancer...

..When studying risk factors for teenage childbearing, it is recommended to include life style and socio-economic variables as well as information about family history of teenage childbearing. Twin Research (2000) 3, 23-27...

..To examine differences in late fetal death rates in association with determinants of small for gestational age fetuses...

..These findings support the theory that, in cases of AP, a general impairment of the placenta and/or a defect placentation may be fatal...

..We undertook a case-control study in twins discordant for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)...

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..To assess changes in human fertility over time...

..In efforts to identify women with elevated risk of developing pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, a question about family history of pre-eclampsia should be included...

..CONCLUSION: Maternal overweight condition increased the risk of antepartum stillbirth, especially term antepartum stillbirth, whereas weight gain during pregnancy was not associated with risk...

..5; 95% CI 0.7-18.5). The results give some support to the hypothesis that the fetal environment influences adult breast cancer risk...

..To compare the effects of Swedish snuff and cigarette smoking on risks of preterm birth...

..By investigating the association within twin pairs discordant for disease, the influence of genetic and early environmental factors is substantially reduced...

..In contrast, recent twin and intergenerational studies favour the hypothesis that the association between birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes is confounded by genetic factors...

..In our illustration the models will account for maternal or foetal genetic effects, environmental effects, or a combination of these and we show how these effects can be readily estimated using family data...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the association between previous pregnancy losses and subsequent risk of preterm delivery...

..To further explore this issue, we examined the association with smoking in the largest prospective cohort study of GDM and PDM to date...