Gerhard Andersson

..This article provides a brief summary of the evidence, comments on the role of the therapist and for which patient and therapist this is suitable. Areas of future research and exploration are identified...

..The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of IPDT for GAD and to compare against ICBT and a waiting list control group...

..We conclude that even if alliance ratings are in line with face-to-face studies, therapeutic alliance as measured by the WAI is probably less important in ICBT than in regular face-to-face psychotherapy...

..Several issues remain for exploration in future research, such as mediating and moderating mechanisms and the role of tailoring the intervention...

..Second, to investigate if knowledge about SAD increased following treatment and third to compare the effects of inexperienced versus experienced therapists on patient outcomes...

..The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a six-session CBT group treatment for older persons with chronic pain. As a secondary aim we investigated whether treatment credibility was associated with outcome...

..Moreover, we will investigate which level of support by a coach is more effective compared to other levels of support...

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..45-0.77) and unsupported (d = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14-0.35) treatments. The authors conclude that although more studies are needed, Internet and other computerized treatments hold promise as potentially evidence-based treatments of depression...

..While several studies have investigated the presence and annoyance of tinnitus in cochlear implant (CI) recipients, few studies have probed the handicap experienced in association with tinnitus in this population...

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..The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review of recent controlled trials of Internet interventions for health conditions and how the Internet is used to promote health...

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..Groups did however differ regarding subjective measures of concentration problems, anxiety and depression. Results are discussed in relation to thought suppression and distraction from tinnitus...

..However, I also warn against disseminating internet-delivered CBT to patients for whom it is not suitable, and that clinical skills may suffer if clinicians are trained and practice mainly using the internet...

..84 and 2.58 for the Internet and live-exposure groups, respectively, at posttreatment). The authors conclude that guided Internet-delivered exposure treatment is a promising new approach in the treatment of spider phobia...

..Overall, if prayer had any relation with the other variables it was in the negative direction of more distress being associated with more praying both concurrently and prospectively...

..We encourage more research on moderators and mediators of tinnitus distress, as these will help illuminate treatment protocols and how they might work...

..The second aim of the study was to establish the cost-effectiveness of these interventions...

..Internet-based CBT (ICBT) with therapist support is a way to increase access to CBT but has not been developed or tested for OCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate ICBT for OCD...

..Results at 1- and 3-year follow-up indicated that treatment results improved or were maintained. The authors conclude that Internet-delivered CBT with therapist support can reduce symptoms and problems related to GAD...

..Several trials have demonstrated that Internet-based CBT can be effective for SAD in the shorter term. However, the long-term effects of Internet-based CBT for SAD are less well known...

..This study suggests that internet-delivered CBT based on exposure and mindfulness has long-term beneficial effects for IBS-patients...

..We compared ICBT with internet-delivered stress management (ISM) for IBS to assess whether the effects of ICBT are specific...

..We aimed to investigate the acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of ICBT for IBS using a consecutively recruited sample from a gastroenterological clinic...

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..This study evaluated a 10-week Internet-based bibliotherapy self-help program with short weekly telephone calls for people suffering from panic disorder with or without agoraphobia...

..We conclude that ICBT can be more cost-effective than CBGT in the treatment of SAD and that both treatments reduce societal costs for SAD...

..Internet-based CBT, including guidance in the form of minimal therapist contact via email, could be a more accessible treatment, but no study has investigated internet-based CBT for hypochondriasis...

..Possible explanations for these contrasting findings and issues for further research are discussed...

..The role of acceptance in the negative impact of tinnitus distress merits further investigation...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a new treatment alternative, internet-delivered CBT based on exposure and mindfulness exercises...

..Many individuals with depression use the internet for discussion of symptoms and to share their experience...

..4% and 43.3%. Overall, the difference between guided self-help and e-mail therapy was small, but in favour of the latter. These findings indicate that both guided self-help and individualized e-mail therapy can be effective...

..However, a larger randomized controlled trial should be conducted, directly comparing Internet-based CBT with traditionally administered CBT within such a setting...

..Treatment gains were maintained at follow-up. The results support the use of exposure and mindfulness based strategies in the treatment of IBS, but further randomised studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of the treatment...

..Internet-based cognitive-behavioural self-help can be an alternative, but adherence is a problem...

..Both guided self-help treatments were based on cognitive behavior therapy and lasted for 10 weeks. The discussion group consisted of weekly discussion themes related to depression and the treatment of depression...

..Limitations of the study are discussed...

..Guided internet-delivered CBT for anxiety disorders has received increasing empirical support, but little is known regarding the role of the therapist...

..It is a randomised controlled trial aimed to evaluate the treatment against an active control group...

..21). We conclude that CBT-based on exposure and mindfulness delivered via the Internet can be effective in treating IBS-patients, alleviating the total burden of symptoms and increasing quality of life...

..5% in the ACT condition and 20% in the TRT condition. The results suggest that ACT can reduce tinnitus distress and impact in a group of normal hearing tinnitus patients...

..We conclude that psychotherapy is effective in the treatment of chronic depression and dysthymia but probably not as effective as pharmacotherapy (particularly the SSRIs)...

..Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has been shown effective for a number of health problems but evidence is limited concerning the treatment of erectile dysfunction...

..Our aim was to investigate if ICBT is at least as effective as CBGT for SAD when treatments are delivered in a psychiatric setting...

..03-1.72). Medical and nonmedical costs were substantially lowered. The authors conclude that group-based CBT delivered in a psychiatric setting is an effective and potentially highly cost-effective treatment for hypochondriasis...

..1%. NDST has a considerable effect on symptoms of depression. Most of the effect of therapy for adult depression is realized by non-specific factors, and our results suggest that the contribution of specific effects is limited at best...

..The objective of this study was to explore participants' views of Internet administrated guided self-help treatment for depression...

..87 and 0.70, respectively. Treatment gains were maintained at 1-year follow-up. The results from this study support the continued use and development of Internet-distributed, self-help programs for people diagnosed with social phobia...

..Further studies are needed to elaborate developmental models on SAD and to add to modification of prevention- and treatment interventions...

..Implications for the role of anxiety sensitivity and behavioral avoidance in tinnitus research are discussed...

..The aim of this study will be to test the effects of a smartphone-delivered behavioral activation treatment...

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..Future possible applications of internet-based self help are discussed...

..The purpose of the study was to investigate future thinking in a group of tinnitus patients. It was predicted that participants in the tinnitus group would report fewer positive future events...

..The present study investigated the effects of control of background sounds (type and loudness) on perceived intrusiveness of tinnitus and cognitive performance...

..Of particular interest was to investigate gender differences in prevalence across ages. Prevalence of sub-threshold social phobia was also studied...

..The study provides preliminary support for the notion that acceptance can be a helpful strategy for tinnitus patients...

..10-1.71), and a majority (68.4%; 26/38) reported improvements in the interview. The findings suggest that the long-term effects seen in previous live treatment CBT trials can occur in Internet-delivered treatment as well...

..However, future research is warranted in order to clarify the precise mechanisms involved in tinnitusrelated Stroop effects...

..Because CP as a whole was as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy, certain forms of CP deserve to be integrated into routine practice...

..More high-quality research is needed to verify these results...

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..The aim of the present study was to quantify the overall effect of wait-list control groups on tinnitus distress...

..A preliminary conclusion is that guided Internet treatment can be as effective as face-to-face treatments, but there is a need to investigate moderators and mediators of the outcome...

..This study evaluated the quality and readability of English-language internet information for adults with hearing impairment and their significant others...

..The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based psychodynamic guided self-help treatment for MDD...

..Previous studies on Internet-based treatment with minimal therapist guidance have shown promising results for several specific diagnoses...

..These findings provide preliminary support for the combination of Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and VR methods in the treatment of dizziness...

..In conclusion, the findings suggest that the Internet version of CIDI-SF can be used as a screening tool for psychiatric disturbance in somatic patients, but that diagnostic criteria need to be adjusted for Internet use...

..However, AC is not related to symptoms of eating disorder or general psychiatric symptoms in this group of patients...

..Thus, clients' in-session acceptance and cognitive defusion behaviors appear to play an important role in the reduction of negative impact of tinnitus...

..The results suggest that CBT is an effective treatment of tinnitus distress. However, caution is warranted given that few large-scale, well-controlled trials were identified...

..Thus, distraction that altered the tinnitus experience seemed to attenuate auditory cortex activity...

..A hypothesis that hyperacusis could be connected to a general, readily arousal, tendency in the sympathetic nervous system and could be seen as vulnerability for psychopathology is discussed...

..The aim of this study was to develop and validate an interview instrument for assessing outcome following hearing aid fitting based on clinical global impressions...

..Future research needs are discussed...

..Finally, we checked memory specificity for each memory derived. A high degree of specificity was found overall (72-88%). In conclusion, cue words might be a useful way to generate specific memories of therapy episodes in future research...

..The observed differences may be explained by (a) levels of admission grades and applications requirements or (b) different cultures and expectations from the surrounding milieus in the investigated study programs...