E Herrera

..It is proposed that the lower adiposity caused by the increased n-3 fatty acids during the intrauterine life was responsible of the lower insulin resistance in male offspring...

..Thus, insulin deficiency impairs the expression of LPL in mammary glands, revealing the role of insulin as a modulator of the enzyme at the mRNA expression level...

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..To study the changes of plasma fatty acids and lipophilic vitamins during normal pregnancy...

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..However, excessive intake of certain long chain fatty acids may cause both declines in arachidonic acid and enhanced lipid peroxidation, reducing antioxidant capacity...

..This paper addresses the specific aspects of antioxidant supplementation in health and disease...

..The most intriguing is its interaction with other antioxidants that may explain how foods containing small amounts of vitamin E provide greater benefits than larger doses of vitamin E alone...

..It is proposed that the enhanced utilization of glycerol for glyceride glycerol synthesis in adipose tissue contributes to the net accumulation of fat depots that normally takes place in early pregnancy...

..Thus, although additional studies are required, overall these findings indicate that altered maternal lipid metabolism rather than hyperglycaemia constitutes a risk for macrosomia in GDM...

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..The most intriguing is its interaction with other antioxidants that may explain how foods containing small amounts of vitamin E provide greater benefits than larger doses of vitamin E alone...

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..It is proposed that both the high lipid intake and decreased plasma insulin level are responsible for the high PPARalpha expression detected in rat neonates...

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..25, whereas inter-assay precision was between 4.99 and 7.03. Recoveries ranged between 94 +/- 8 and 107 +/- 5%. Results from the application of this method to different rat tissues having wide range of vitamin content are presented...

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..Furthermore, the results of the present study support the hypothesis that physiological low-grade inflammation in the maternal organism is relevant to the development of pregnancy-associated insulin resistance...

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..Together, our data demonstrate that these indexes provide an easy and accurate measure of insulin sensitivity during pregnancy in the rat...

..Results had correlation coefficients > 0.99; recoveries > 85%; R.S.D. < 6%, so the method is adequate to control vitamin E intake in animals as well as vitamin E stability in food during storage...

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..Over a short period of time, in pregnant rats, reductions of plasma FFA and TG after acipimox treatment improved the glucose-induced insulin release, but did not seem to have any effect in peripheral insulin resistance...

..We also discuss briefly the natural and synthetic agonists of PPARalphawhich are currently being developed and supposedly display greater effectiveness and fewer adverse effects than fibrates...

..The present experimental conditions can be used as a sensitive experimental model to study the responsiveness of diabetes to other antioxidant interventions...

..Therefore, the effect of this polymorphism on both vitamins was analysed in an adult population...

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..However, high doses have a negative effect in the conceptus, as shown by the increased rate of reabsorptions in the D+500 group...

..Fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids are, however, much less influenced by dietary composition, indicating an active and efficient metabolism that ensures its appropriate composition at this key stage of development...

..Therefore, the maternal dietary fatty acid composition influences maternal and fetal plasma and tissue composition, and an increase in dietary omega-3 fatty acids decreases the amount of AA in maternal and fetal tissues...

..These effects were partially reversed with the administration of Vitamin E, supporting in this model the role of oxidative stress in the development of atherosclerosis...

..It is proposed that the opposite effects of fenofibrate treatment in virgin and pregnant rats are a consequence of both the enhanced liver capability for VLDL triglyceride production and a rebound response to the drug in the latter...

..Thus these two rat models, obtained with moderate amounts of STZ, could be used to study the pathophysiological consequences of these different diabetic conditions...

..The review includes well referenced tables that provide in-depth summaries of methodology for the chromatographic analysis of alpha-tocopherol and related compounds in foods, pharmaceuticals, plants, animal tissues and other matrices...

..They are mobilized around parturition for milk synthesis, and an excess of dietary n-3 LCPUFA decreases the availability of AA in suckling newborns...

..Thus, since benefit to risks of modifying maternal fat intake in pregnancy and lactation are not yet completely established, additional studies are needed before recommendations to increase LCPUFA intake in pregnancy are made...

..Together, our findings support a role for adiponectin and serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the modulation of insulin resistance in adipose tissue at late pregnancy...

..Thus, data are consistent with the role of LPL activity in the mammary gland modulating the uptake of alpha-tocopherol during pregnancy and lactation, although this is not true in adipose tissue...

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..These findings indicate that fenofibrate reduces adiposity in pregnant and virgin rats through different mechanisms: a) in virgin rats, by promoting fatty acid oxidation; and b) in pregnant rats, by enhancing fatty acid output...

..Thus, it may be concluded that the expression of the PPARalpha gene in adult rats seems to be less sensitive to nutritional changes than in neonates...

..Routine total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in neonatal care can result in hepatic dysfunction in 40-60% of patients, most commonly as fatty liver, but little work has been conducted on the underlying mechanisms causing hepatic dysfunction...

..To determine the contribution of maternal glucose and lipids to intrauterine metabolic environment and fetal growth in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)...

..We propose that the generation of placental lipid mediators through TNF-alpha and leptin stimulation represents a key mechanism to favor excess fetal fat accretion...

..Rather, the data show that in the llama fetus, a reduction in cerebral hemispheric metabolism occurs during acute hypoxaemia...

..Mammary gland HSL activity correlated negatively to plasma insulin levels. Immunoreactive HSL and HSL activity were found in lactating rats' milk. The observed changes indicate an active role of HSL in mammary gland lipid metabolism...

..01). The method described here successfully increases several types of plasma NEFA concentrations and could be used to investigate differential effects of elevated individual NEFAs on metabolic processes...

..e., to induce fatty acid and lipoprotein catabolism, and to reduce TG-rich lipoprotein secretion), was unable to reverse the typical hypertriglyceridaemia of gestation...