Elisardo Becoña

..Further research should focus on the process of relapse and develop more effective procedures to help maintain abstinence...

..We conclude that this concept is of great relevance to the field of drug use and abuse and, specifically, for the development of preventive programmes based on resilience...

..Studies of the efficacy of self-help programmes for smoking cessation should include some sort of objective verification of self-reported abstinence...

..7% of those who said they sometimes smoked, and 44.2% of those who identified themselves as current daily smokers. These results indicate an association between smoking and depression among children in this age group...

..The authors conclude that written feedback substantially increases abstinence rates when it is applied following similar guidelines to those used in clinical settings...

..In this study, we examined the applicability of the Spanish version of such test as well as its relationship to sex, age, and consumption of cigarettes, in a representative sample of smokers from Galicia, Spain (N = 646)...

..around 100% concordance. Thus, support was found for the use of an expired air carbon monoxide measure as a valid and easy way of corroborating self-report data when required...

..but significant mean difference were found in those subjects (quitters) older than 35 yr. who gained 4.1 Kg compared with 1.2 Kg in the group 35 yr or younger...

..The relapse occurred fundamentally between the end-of-treatment and the 6- (53.7% relapse) and the 12-mo. follow-up (61.1% relapse), and more slowly beyond 12-mo. follow-ups with 72.2% and 70.4% relapse at the 24- and 36-mo. follow-up...

..The operation under the ROC curve is excellent (area under the curve .84). The data indicate the usefulness of this brief scale (NDSS-S) to assess nicotine dependence in smokers...

..0% tried to give up smoking at some point, the mean figure for attempts being 1.3. According to the results of the 10-year follow-up, low nicotine dependence at pretreatment is a major factor predicting long-term cessation in smokers...

..The presence of a probable borderline personality disorder did not interfere in the cessation of tobacco use or in the maintenance of abstinence...

..We conclude that this instrument is useful (in terms of its total score NDSS-T) for assessing nicotine dependence for Spanish smokers (in Spain), as has been found in other countries, language groups, and cultures...

....

....

..These results indicate a positive evolution after two years of the sample of people in treatment for cocaine dependence assessed in this study...

..7 (SD = 10.3), with 24.3% of the sample having scores which indicate clinical depression (cut off > or =21). These data underscore the need to assess the presence of depression in cocaine-dependent users who require treatment...

..Finally, we stress the need to improve the conceptualization of family disorganization and its assessment, and point out other methodological limitations found in the empirical studies reviewed...

..80 under the curve (0.70 for the FTND), showing that it adequately predicts nicotine dependence. This study confirms the utility of this new instrument for assessing nicotine dependence in smokers who also abuse or depend upon alcohol...

..We conclude that drunkenness is related to the failure to take precautions in sexual relations, the results being similar in men and women...

..Differences in nicotine withdrawal syndrome, cigarette consumption at the end of the treatment, and adherence to the treatment were significant across the two clusters...

..Finally, we strongly suggest the need to know which treatment location is best, how MI functions in treatment programs and which conditions may affect its effectiveness...

..Results show important differences in personality features between stimulant users and nonusers. Stimulant users are characterized by having unruly, forceful, oppositional and borderline-tendency personality prototypes...