Jose L Domingo

..In general terms, PFAS levels found in the current study are lower than the concentrations recently reported in other countries...

..8 pgWHO-TEQ/day. The results of this study show that any increase potentially found in the biological monitoring of the general population living in the area under evaluation should not be attributed to dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs...

..The amounts ingested are well below the recommended tolerable daily intakes, at least for those PFCs for which information is available...

..Notwithstanding, if the interest is only to know whether the intake of a certain element is below the tolerable intake, both methods are useful...

..Various issues directly related to human exposure to PBDEs through the diet still need investigation...

..The correlation of PFCs body burdens and dietary intake of PFCs should be also established...

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..In general terms, cooking procedures that release or remove fat from the product should tend to reduce the total concentrations of the organic contaminants in the cooked food...

..However, it must be noted that controversy remains about whether aluminum accumulation in the brain is a cause or a consequence of AD. It is suggested that further investigation of this issue is warranted...

..3 ng/day or 1.4 ng/kg/body weight/day). Finally, the current PBDE intake is compared with the results of recent studies on the dietary intake of PBDEs performed in various European, North American, and Asian countries...

..However, the type of fish, the frequency of consumption, and the meal size are essential issues for the balance of the health benefits and risks of regular fish consumption...

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..This review can be concluded raising the following question: where is the scientific evidence showing that GM plants/food are toxicologically safe?..

..It is concluded that some groups of population frequently consuming high quantities of certain species could be significantly increasing health risks due to PCDD/F and PCB exposure...

..These findings suggest a notable advance in comparison with the lack of studies published in recent years in scientific journals by those companies. All this recent information is herein critically reviewed...

..The results of this investigation suggest that acute oral BDE-99 exposure causes renal and liver impairment, being oxidative damage a potential mechanism for nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity...

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..The estimated carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks derived from exposure to these metals from soils should not mean any special concern for the population living in the surroundings of the HWI...

..The influence of stress was very limited...

..In relation to body weight, intake by children of most contaminants was higher than that found for other age groups of the general population of Catalonia...

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..In air, the higher amount of the 7 carcinogenic PAHs suggests a relatively greater impact on the petrochemical and urban areas. The temporal trend of the global pollution was also studied an Integral Risk Index was applied...

..On the other hand, the concentrations of VOCs (mean range: 7.6-18.2 μg m(-3)) were typical of suburban zones. The current exposure to those compounds should not mean additional health risks for the population living nearby...

..In general terms, the current metal levels in hair of school children are similar or even lower than those recently reported for a number of industrial and residential areas of various regions and countries...

..However, further long-term environmental studies are necessary to corroborate the harmlessness of RDF, in terms of human health risks...

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..To compare these concentrations with the baseline (1999) levels and with those obtained in previous (2000 and 2005) surveys...

..The current results show that the brain antioxidant capacity is affected by BDE-99 exposure, mainly in cerebellum. Oxidative damage could be a mechanism for BDE-99 neurotoxicity in adult rats...

..Melatonin exerted an antioxidant action by increasing the mRNA levels of the enzymes SOD1, CAT, and GR evaluated in presence of Al and Mel, independently on the animal model...

..This hypothetical reduction depends upon cooking conditions (time, temperature, and medium of cooking)...

..1 pg I-TEQ/day, when a baseline study was carried out during the construction of the HWI. The present intake is also compared with the dietary intakes of PCDD/PCDFs recently (2006-2007) reported for a number of regions and countries...

..The current results clearly show that the MSWI of Tarragona does not produce additional health risks for the population living nearby...

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..The results of this investigation can have a potential interest in risk assessment studies and environmental fate models...

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..The results of the present investigation emphasize the potential use of melatonin as a supplement in the therapy of neurological disorders in which oxidative stress is involved...

..In any case, the current levels of PCDD/F exposure would not mean significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for the population living in the industrial and residential areas of Tarragona...

..Melatonin exerts an antioxidant action by increasing the mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GR evaluated in presence of Al and Mel, with independence of the animal model...

..The results of this study can be useful to elaborate occupational risk prevention programs for workers in composting plants...

..The intake of the analyzed elements through consumption of the nine selected food items does not mean additional health risks for the consumers of the area...

..All the intakes are considerably lower than the World Health Organization tolerable daily intake, which is 0.17 microg/kg/day for noncancer effects and 0.16 microg/kg/day for neoplastic effects in humans...

..Notwithstanding, in order to consider the synergistic/antagonistic effects according to the target organ or mode-of-action, the development of alternative methodologies of risk assessment are necessary for a more accurate evaluation...

..Anyhow, the current concentrations of metals and PCDD/Fs suggest that it is highly unlikely that there are any additional non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for the population living near the HWL...

..This indicates that the environmental impact of the MSWI of Tarragona is not significant. Moreover, the modification of the surveillance program has proven to be successful...

..Despite this, the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks derived from human exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs were within the ranges considered acceptable by international regulatory organisms...

..56%). The data obtained in this study should be useful in risk assessment with regard to human PCB exposure through food in Catalonia...

..Moreover, more than 10 years after regular operations of the HWI, exposure to metals would not mean, either now or in past surveys, any carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic health risks for the population living in the neighborhood...

..In conclusion, there were not observed impact changes for the environmental and the local population as a consequence of using sewage sludge as secondary fuel...

..In the retention test, a deleterious effect of PFOS was noted. These results indicate that PFOS exposure induced only slight behavioral effects in adult male mice...

..72 microg/day, a lower value than those found in our 2000 (8.42 microg/day), and 2006 surveys (12.04 microg/day). With regard to the results of other recent studies, the current PAH concentrations were comparatively lower...

..Recognition memory was impaired in Tg2576 mice, whereas β-amyloid plaque depositions were observed in all these animals. However, Al did not alter the recognition memory and β-amyloid plaque loads of Tg2576 mice...

..51) and 2006 (1.12pg/kg per day). The current dietary intake of PCDDs plus DL-PCBs is similar or lower than that recently reported in studies performed in a number of regions and countries...

..The human health risks due to the presence of those agents were also assessed...

..In summary, the results of this study indicate that, currently, the dietary intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb should not mean additional health risks for the consumers...

..The present results indicate that Tg2576 mice are sensitive to high dietary Al levels. A significant protector role of melatonin on Al-induced behavioral effects was not observed...

..8 vs 11.2 pg WHO-TEQ/g of fat). The increase in the last 5 years would not be directly attributable to exposure to PCDD/F emitted by the HWI, as other biological monitors such as human plasma and milk decreased during the same period...

..Air inhalation was noted to be an occupational exposure route of minor importance. Sensitivity analysis for 2,3,7,8TCDD showed that exposure parameters were responsible for most of the variability in the results...

..48 microg/kg), and cereals (20.44 microg/kg). For an average male adult (70-kg body weight), the current dietary intake of the sum of PAHs was higher (12.0 microg/day) than that found in our 2000 survey (8.4 microg/day)...

..On the other hand, corticosterone levels were lower in animals prenatally subjected to restraint stress. The current results suggest interactive effects between PFOS and maternal stress...

..For the most toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb), it was under their respective Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) established by the FAO/WHO...

..Although both particle and gas phase were sorbed by the PUFs, data of gas phase congeners are more reproducible...

..RIBEFOOD can be useful not only for professionals (general physicians, nutritionists, endocrinologists, toxicologists, etc.), but also for the general population. It is available at: http://www.fmcs.urv.cat/ribefood/...

..However, the current levels of pollution do not mean a relevant source of health risks for the local population. Moreover, the neuroprobabilistic HI seems to be an adequate tool to be taken into account in risk assessment processes...

..By contrast, the intake of PCDEs increased to 26%, fish and seafood being the main contributors to this increase...

..RIBEPEIX can be useful not only for professionals (cardiologists, general physicians, nutritionists, toxicologists, etc.), but also for the general population. It is available at: ...

..The results of this study indicate that, in general terms, the dietary habits of the population of Catalonia (Spain) regarding fish and seafood consumption do not contribute remarkably to increase PCDD/F and DL-PCB intake...

..With respectto PCDE congeners, to establish TEF values would be of great value to evaluate human health risks...

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..The results indicated that current concentrations of these contaminants do not pose any additional carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic risk for those people living near the HWI...

..For such populations, the daily intake of PCDD/PCDFs from direct and indirect (diet) exposure are currently within the rank recommended by the WHO as the maximum daily exposure to PCDD/PCDFs for non-carcinogenic adverse effects...

..These results suggest that in male rats, oxidative damage can be a mechanism for nephro- and hepatotoxicity related with SASP treatment...

..The estimated intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are notably lower than the respective provisional tolerable weekly intakes, which indicate that these intakes should not mean additional health risks for the consumers...

..Due to industrial activities, accidental petroleum spills are the main route of soil and groundwater contamination. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indoor health risks due to tap water consumption contaminated by BTEX...

..In general terms, metal concentrations in hair and blood from subjects living in Tarragona County are lower than most levels reported for other countries in recent years...

..Oral Al exposure of AβPP transgenic mice would have some potential to promote pro-oxidant events, while DFO administration would not help in preventing these deleterious effects...

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..The current intake of the most toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) remains under the respective Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes established by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization...

..Risk values for the population living near the facility were similar to those found for residents living in a number of urban and suburban areas...

..Finally, the current intake is compared with the dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs recently (2001-2003) reported for a number of regions and countries...

..Results indicate that Microtox bioassay is an appropriate tool to perform risk assessment studies at screening level...

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..It is concluded that emissions from the stack of the HWI assessed here should not mean any additional significant exposure to PCDD/Fs for the population living near the facility...

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..Interactive effects between PFOS and maternal stress were sex dependent. The current results suggest that prenatal PFOS exposure induced long-lasting effects in mice...

..In spite of the presence of a chlor-alkali plant located upstream the Ebro River, which could mean a potential source of pollution, the current levels of OCs should not mean significant additional health risks for the local population...

..16 microg/g, 2.11 microg/g, and 0.34 microg/g, respectively). In comparison to the results of the baseline study, a general reduction of most metal concentrations was observed in the current survey...

..In turn, human health risks for the population living in the vicinity of the facility after introduction of a modern technology were negligible in comparison with the dietary PCDD/F exposure...

..Although at the current UAD doses restraint scarcely showed additional adverse effects, its potential influence should not be underrated...

..16 to 0.38. The above data show that other emission sources of PCDD/Fs also have a notable environmental impact on the area under direct influence of the MSWI...

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..34-1.36, while the carcinogenic risk level was 1,360 excess cancer over a lifetime of 70 years. Our results corroborate the decreasing tendency in dietary intake of dioxins found in recent studies (2000-2001) from various countries...

..54), respectively. The largest contribution to the daily PCNs intake came from oils and fats and from cereals. The result of the current study is the first published report concerning human exposure to PCNs through the diet...

..With the exception of the group aged >65 years, PCDE intake was always higher in males than in females. The results of this study should be of interest for future assessments of time trends in human exposure to PCDEs through the diet...

..For PCDD/Fs and PCBs, the current decreases are in accordance with the reduction in the dietary intake of these pollutants found in recent studies carried out in the same area of study...

..In epididymis, catalase (CAT) significantly increased at 600mg/(kgday). These results suggest that SASP induces oxidative stress, which in turn might act as a possible mechanism of male-induced infertility...

..However, an integral assessment of the risks derived from exposure to other pollutants (e.g., metals and organochlorine compounds) jointly with radionuclides could be of great interest...

..7% and 97.0%, respectively. The proposed methodology can support decision-makers in evaluation and classification of ecological status, as required by the EU Water Framework Directive...

..7% reduction in the PCDD/F accumulation in humans. In turn, a 100% reduction of PCDD/Fs in the industrial waste waters would cause only an insignificant 0.1% decrease in the accumulation of PCDD/Fs in humans...

..However, although CBA seems to be a good analytical method, the final decision corresponds to the managers, who must weigh up not only the monetary criteria, but factors such as social questions...

..Results show that in comparison with PCDD/F emissions from other sources, those corresponding to crematories are significantly lower, while those of mercury should not be underrated...