Esteban Martinez

..In contrast, abacavir showed a lower incidence of adverse effects leading to drug discontinuation...

..2744). The results of this analysis do not suggest that outcomes of abacavir/lamivudine are worse than those of tenofovir/emtricitabine when combined with raltegravir in virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults...

..Switching from boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) to raltegravir (RAL) results in a better plasma lipid profile than continuing PI/r. Whether this strategy affects plasma biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis is unknown...

..The aim of this article is to analyse the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy in HIV-infected patients...

..This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, and to determine whether patients with or without CL had a different prevalence of MA...

..To assess the effects of decreased antiretroviral therapy exposure on body fat and metabolic parameters...

..To assess the effects of initiating abacavir-containing therapy on plasma lipids and cardiovascular biomarkers...

..We review the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected persons compared with that in uninfected persons and discuss the relative contributions of host, HIV, and antiretroviral therapy in the light of current knowledge...

..We compared 48-week efficacy and safety of these combinations as substitutes of nucleosides in patients with virological suppression...

..These findings may have clinical implications when the therapeutic option of lopinavir-ritonavir is considered...

..The relationship between the subjective diagnosis of lipoatrophy and the objective amount of limb fat loss in HIV-infected adults is unclear...

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..Stavudine has a low incidence of clinically significant adverse events, and those experienced are generally long-term, manageable class effects...

..Whether a therapeutic approach addressed to those metabolic abnormalities may have any impact on body fat is not clear...

..We assessed the strategy of substituting nevirapine, efavirenz, or abacavir for a protease inhibitor in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in whom virologic suppression had been achieved...

..Surgical filling cosmetically improves facial lipoatrophy. Exercise and diet may reduce increased visceral adipose tissue. Liposuction may be useful to remove superficial, localized fat accumuli...

..We aimed to compare epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of influenza A H1N1 infection between HIV-infected and -uninfected adults...

..Switching to raltegravir in selected patients treated with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors may result in similar efficacy and lower plasma lipids...

..Long-term trials are necessary to confirm the role of etravirine in simplification strategies, but preliminary clinical data is reassuring...

..We assessed the safety and efficacy of reducing the dose of stavudine compared with switching to tenofovir or maintaining the standard dose of d4T...

..These results argue against the use of tenofovir plus didanosine in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive adults even when the third drug is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor...

..A decrease in the mitochondrial (mt) DNA to nuclear DNA ratio has gained acceptance as a marker of mitochondrial toxicity in treated HIV-infected patients, but the functional meaning of this alteration is unclear...

..Few data are available in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, however...

..Despite the high prevalence, this phenomenon does not seem to affect the clinical evolution of chronic hepatitis C or modify the viral response to interferon-based HCV therapies..

..To evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) to boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients versus continuing LPV/r...

..These results argue against the use of tenofovir-didanosine not only in naive patients, but also in previously suppressed patients...

..0152) or thymidine-associated (P = 0.0142) mutations. In conclusion, ddI retained substantial antiretroviral activity when the number of nucleoside-associated or thymidine-associated mutations was less than four...

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..Several serum markers reflecting extracellular matrix status have been correlated with liver fibrosis in non-HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. These indexes have been less examined in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals...

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..666, 95% CI 1.246-91.294, p=0.031). These results suggest that the risk of pancreatitis is heightened when didanosine and tenofovir are given together...

..These data suggest that upregulatory transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms compensate for mtDNA depletion caused by d4T + ddI before profound mtDNA depletion occurs...

..Only one of the 66 patients developed changes in their pattern of mutations able to generate or increase resistance to new drugs...

..CD4+ T cell recovery dynamics were analysed during the 'on treatment' periods in structured therapy interruption (STI) as well as the long-term immune reconstitution with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after finishing STI...

..It seems that the immune recovery slows down after approximately 3 years of HAART and reaches a plateau after 4-5 years of HAART...

..The combination of these subjective and objective parameters could be helpful in the early detection of lipodystrophy in clinical practice...

..There is a risk of sexual transmission of HCV in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. In our experience, early treatment of AHC with pegylated interferon-alfa plus ribavirin in HIV patients achieves poor results...

..The optimal treatment regimen (interferon alone or combined with ribavirin) and its duration are not clearly established at the present time...

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..This finding suggests that STI could decrease the number of NK subsets, which is related to the worst clinical development in these patients...

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..It is unknown whether a Toxoplasma gondii-specific T cell response is restored after successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in patients with AIDS and current or previous toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE)...

..We aimed to determine whether mtDNA and mitochondrial function abnormalities are present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asymptomatic HIV-infected children...

..008) and subcutaneous fat (42%, p = 0.008). These data suggest that switching from LPV/r to ATV/r is associated with increased trunk fat, both subcutaneous and visceral...

..001), along with increased lipid peroxidation of PBMC membranes (P=.007). Therefore, HIV infection is associated not only with mtDNA depletion, but also with extensive MRC disturbances and increased oxidative damage...

..Specific characteristics of patients, antiretroviral-based side effects, and breast lipoaccumulation exert a greater impact on QoL in HIV-1-infected patients with LD...

..We conclude that skeletal muscle of HIV-infected patients exhibits increased apoptosis compared with that of uninfected patients, but the role of HAART in inducing apoptosis remains to be established...

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..No vertical transmissions were reported. Therapeutic drug monitoring of SQV during pregnancy should be considered, mainly during the third trimester, to ensure adequate drug exposure throughout the entire pregnancy...

..However, the viral capacity to induce adipose tissue mitochondrial lesion is still a matter of doubt. We aimed to assess whether untreated HIV infection was associated with adipose tissue mitochondrial abnormalities...

..Nutritional status could influence body composition changes...

..Our psychotherapy program improved psychosocial functioning in a heterogeneous sample of HIV-1-infected patients referred to a consultation-liaison psychiatry unit...

..Development of new PIs with more favourable effects on the lipid profile should be of benefit...

..To compare 48-week changes in body fat distribution and bone mineral density (BMD) between patients switching from a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) to raltegravir (RAL) and patients continuing with PI/r...

..In this study, we evaluated the incidence and management of depressive symptoms during IFN-alpha therapy in HIV-infected patients with CHC...

..This clinical scenario requires a new approach to simplify follow-up appointments and facilitate access to healthcare professionals...

..To our knowledge, no randomized trials have evaluated whether prophylaxis against toxoplasmic encephalitis can be safely discontinued after the CD4+ T cell count increases in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy...

..To elucidate the molecular basis of the progressive enlargement of dorso-cervical adipose tissue, the so-called 'buffalo hump', that appears in a sub-set of patients with HIV-1/HAART-associated lipodystrophy...

..We evaluated the efficacy and safety of an intensive versus a standard intervention in HIV-infected patients with moderate-high cardiovascular risk...

..Echographically measured PRFD is associated with lipodystrophy and could be used as an early predictor of this syndrome in treatment-naive patients starting HAART...

..To describe the efficacy and tolerability of switching to raltegravir (RAL) in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients during routine clinical practice...

..The factors associated with fibrosis in lymphoid tissue in long-term treated HIV-infected patients and their correlation with immune reconstitution were assessed...

..Mitochondrial abnormalities had almost disappeared later when the patient became asymptomatic. Our findings support the hypothesis that MRC dysfunction stands at the basis of HAART-related hyperlactatemia...

..HAART given during primary HIV infection was effective, but was associated with a high percentage of adverse effects...

..For patients with concurrent meningitis, high doses of cefotaxime could be used if the MIC for cefotaxime was < or =1 microg/mL. Early recognition of heart failure and surgery may help to decrease mortality...

..Lipodystrophy (LD) represents an important problem for HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), although its impact on quality of life (QoL) has not been properly studied...

..This antiretroviral regimen seems to have no effect on lymphocyte T cell subsets, however, it could have an immune-modulator role, inducing an increase in the proliferative responses to mitogens...

..In HIV infected patients, no association between the presence of deficient polymorphisms of MBL2, MASP2, TLR2 and TLR4 and the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia was found...

..Autologous fat transplantation for soft tissue augmentation is a commonly used technique without a universally accepted approach. The literature includes a variety of reports describing varying degrees of success or failure...

..The issue of body composition has become extremely important for the adequate management of HIV-infected patients...

..In the context of HIV-1-infected patients under long-term antiretroviral therapy, fat toxicity is still the dark side of the rainbow...

..Subclinical hypogonadism mediated by immunosuppression may explain these observations, suggesting the need to optimize the immunological status of the patient before considering assisted reproduction treatments...

..No correlation was observed after 1 year of antiretroviral therapy. A protease inhibitor-containing regimen was the best predictor of good tonsillar tissue virological response...

..565). CONCLUSION: PEG-INF + RBV was significantly more effective than INF + RBV for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infected patients, mainly of genotype 1 or 4...

..183; 95% CI, 0.054-0.627; P = 0.007) were risk factors in HIV-infected women. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection treated with HAART prior to pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk for pre-eclampsia and fetal death...

..8-32.2; P=.003) were independent factors associated with gynecomastia. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that gynecomastia among HIV-infected patients is related to hypogonadism, rather than to an adverse effect of antiretroviral drugs...

..Both psychological and organic factors have been recognized to be associated with sexual dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals...

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..Recurrent cryptococcal infection should be suspected in patients whose serum cryptococcal antigen test results revert back to positive after discontinuation of maintenance therapy...

..We aimed to study the incidence and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to respiratory viruses in adults adding PCR to routine conventional laboratory tests...