Jesus Fortun

..A 14-day course of vancomycin or teicoplanin plus gentamicin is ineffective in this instance because it is associated with a high rate of clinical and microbiological failure...

..Limited data are available to predict the length of time required for a patient to achieve sputum culture conversion after starting therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis...

..Novel preventive strategies include cutaneous antisepsis, maximum sterile barrier, use of antimicrobial catheters, and antimicrobial catheter lock solution...

..So far, anidulafungin appears to have an excellent safety profile with few adverse events and it promises a special consideration in the management of fungal infections happening in transplant recipients...

..Conservative treatment using antibiotic-lock therapy (ALT) has been shown to be useful in some studies, but the evidence supporting its impact in clinical care is still scarce...

..An adequate understanding of the infectious complications in these patients and their correct treatment and prevention are decisive in reducing the high mortality associated with these clinical manifestations...

..Bacteraemia caused by ampicillin-resistant enterococci was not associated with increased mortality when compared with bacteraemias caused by ampicillin-susceptible strains...

..Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are associated with high mortality in liver transplant recipients. Prevention remains an elusive goal, especially for IFI caused by moulds...

..Voriconazole is an effective and safe therapy for treatment of invasive mold infections in solid organ recipients. To avoid toxicity with this drug, however, the dosing of immunosuppressive drugs must be reduced...

..Cytomegalovirus infection and increased immunosuppression favor invasive aspergillosis during the late posttransplantation period. Aspergillus antigenemia seems to be a good predictor of invasive aspergillosis...

..Although antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk liver transplant recipients (LTR) seems to be clearly justified, the efficacy of universal prophylaxis (UP) including low-risk patients is controversial...

..There is limited information on the long-term outcome in liver transplant (LT) subjects undergoing partial splenic embolization (PSE) prior to full dose pegylated interferon/ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV)...

..The prognosis depends of clinical forms and characteristics of the host, but it is particularly poor in the disseminated invasive forms...

..The epidemiological characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in European hospitals have changed in recent years...

..aureus. Mortality among patients with NCs (34%) was significantly higher than in IE patients without them (11%). During the study period mortality increased in patients with NVE and NCs...

..Current advances in transplantation practices may influence the development of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after renal transplantation...

..In conclusion, FQ-SID does not reduce the incidence of EBIs in LTRs and could be withheld from this group of patients...

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..Differences in HCV-RNA clearance during therapy might explain the lower efficacy of peg-IFN/RBV in HIV/HCV-coinfection. There are limited data on HCV-RNA clearance and treatment outcomes in liver transplanted (LT) patients...

..001). These findings reflect the importance of local environmental differences in the evolution of this CC, suggesting that the emergence of vancomycin resistance among AREF strains in Spain may be a question of time...

..To assess the efficacy and toxicity of intravenous colistin in the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria...

..If indicated, an antiretroviral regimen consisting of 3 nucleosides could be used to avoid interactions with immunosuppressive drugs...

..Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigenemia is an early marker of invasive aspergillosis (IA), but may yield false-positive results. A prospective study, testing GM periodically in serum samples of liver transplant recipients, was performed...

..In vitro studies have shown good activity of linezolid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant strains. However, clinical experience with linezolid in tuberculosis is scarce...

..The aim of this prospective, multicenter, noncomparative, open-label trial was to evaluate the prophylactic use of caspofungin in adult liver transplant recipients at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections (IFI)...

..95; 95%CI 1.1-7.9; P = 0.031). There were no deaths related to CDAD. In summary, the incidence of CDAD in SOT was low, most cases were diagnosed soon after transplantation and the prognosis was good...

..In conclusion, active extrapulmonary tuberculosis should perhaps be considered for liver transplantation when FHF develops due to anti-tuberculous drugs...

..Prevention of these infections by proper knowledge of the risk factors, rapid diagnosis, and adequate management are fundamental to guarantee the survival of the patient...

..Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp., Zygomycetes, Scedosporium spp. and Fusarium spp...

..Specific recommendations on the prevention of fungal infections in these patients are included...

..To describe the functional effect of partial splenic embolization (PSE) in liver-transplanted (LT) patients with hypersplenism and hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence...

..A retrospective analysis of hospital-acquired IE cases was performed in a tertiary hospital during 1985 to 1999...

..Mortality is high but, in most cases, is not related to candidemia. Optimal management may include exclusion of endocarditis, early antifungal treatment, and catheter removal...

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..Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of Histoplasma infection in these patients may be higher than previously believed and a wide clinical spectrum of disease may be observed...

..Administration depends on antifungal activity, drug-drug interactions with calcineurin inhibitors, and safety profiles (effects on grafts and other side effects)...

..17; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-17; P<.001). Our data suggest reinfection as the main cause of TB after isoniazid prophylaxis...

..Moreover, early identification of patients at risk of bacterial and of multi-drug resistant infections is a topic of increasing interest...

..fumigatus DNA in vivo comparable to cultures and GM determination. The panfungal RT-PCR assay exhibited low sensitivity to diagnose invasive aspergillosis in rabbits advising against its clinical introduction...