Esteban Ribera

..The objective of the study is to describe the lipid profile in a large cohort of HIV-infected women on contemporary ART and analyse differences between regimes and patient's characteristics...

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..Lipoatrophy is the most stigmatizing side effect of stavudine therapy. We assessed the long-term effects of replacing stavudine with tenofovir in HIV-infected patients with lipoatrophy...

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..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a once-daily regimen consisting of didanosine (ddI), lamivudine (3TC) and nevirapine (NVP) for adult antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV-1 infection...

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..To assess plasma steady-state pharmacokinetics (PK) of rifampicin, isoniazid, saquinavir and ritonavir in HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients, and investigate potential interactions between TB drugs and protease inhibitors (PIs)...

..The fixed combination of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets makes it easier to boost with another PI at the same time, without requiring ritonavir refrigeration, and this may be particularly useful in this setting...

..To assess the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lopinavir (LPV), ritonavir (RTV) and atazanavir (ATV) as a double-boosted protease inhibitor regimen in HIV-infected adults...

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..To investigate the efficacy of early antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients undergoing liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease...

..Therefore, it has been suggested that monitoring RBV serum levels could be used to drive dose modification and to optimize management of HCV-infected patients receiving combination treatment...

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..To study the feasibility of a response-guided therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a tertiary care hospital...

..To evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) to boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients versus continuing LPV/r...

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..The efficacy is greatly influenced by the number of baseline protease resistance mutations; 5 mutations is the best threshold to predict the chances of VR to any PI/r-based regimen...

..To assess lipoatrophy, other toxicities, and efficacy associated with abacavir as compared with stavudine in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients...

..To compare 48-week changes in body fat distribution and bone mineral density (BMD) between patients switching from a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) to raltegravir (RAL) and patients continuing with PI/r...

..In an observational study, we analyse the efficacy and tolerability of didanosine plus lamivudine and efavirenz versus zidovudine plus lamivudine and efavirenz in a cohort of therapy naive patients...

..In contrast, abacavir showed a lower incidence of adverse effects leading to drug discontinuation...

..To investigate the utility of a week-4 virological response for sustained response prediction in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3/HIV-co-infected patients treated with interferon and ribavirin for 24 weeks...

..At 1 and 3 years, the immune reconstitution induced by an efavirenz-based regimen in very immunosuppressed patients was at least as potent as that induced by a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimen...

..66; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.93; P=.021). A prior STI seems to confer no additional benefit to subsequent virological or immunological outcomes of a salvage regimen...

..86 .g/ml (0.82-4.88 .g/ml) in patients with detectable viral load (p = 0.32). Nevirapine plasma concentrations were 4.41 .g/ml (3.50-6.72 .g/ml) and 3.12 .g/ml (2.44-3.80 .g/ml) respectively (p = 0.18)...

..No data from clinical trials, about this combination, are available...

..To evaluate the 24-month metabolic and morphological benefits obtained from replacing the protease inhibitor (PI) in a regimen with nevirapine, efavirenz or abacavir...

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..008) and subcutaneous fat (42%, p = 0.008). These data suggest that switching from LPV/r to ATV/r is associated with increased trunk fat, both subcutaneous and visceral...

..It is unknown whether a Toxoplasma gondii-specific T cell response is restored after successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in patients with AIDS and current or previous toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE)...

..In conclusion, the immunogenicity conferred by the polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-infected patients under HAART is at least as good as that observed in healthy subjects...

..EXPERT OPINION: Thymidine analogs AZT and d4T yield considerable toxicity and proactive switch to newer NRTIs such as TDF or ABC is necessary in order to avoid or partially reverse such side effects...

..The primary endpoint was median change in CD4+ T-cell counts at the end of treatment as compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints were safety and changes in the various T-cell subpopulations...

..Here, we studied the effect of abacavir, tenofovir or lamivudine addition on the suppressive activity of ribavirin in an HCV RNA replicon system...

..The use of antihistamines remains unclear in this setting. A double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of cetirizine in the prevention of nevirapine rash...

..The burden that spontaneous bacterial meningitis (SBM) currently represents among HIV-1-infected patients is poorly known...

..The advent of new antiretrovirals has expanded the therapeutic options for multiple drug-resistant HIV-1 infection. The role of recycled nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in this scenario remains uncertain...

..Stavudine (d4T) has shown a favourable short and long-term tolerability profile. Nevertheless, its usage is currently decreasing due to some safety concerns. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of d4T low-dose-based regimens...

..A comparative study was conducted between adult MT patients with and without concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection...

..001). Undetectable RAL C(t) was seen only in patients failing RAL without integrase resistance mutations (64.1% of them). RAL failures in the absence of integrase resistance mutations mainly reflect poor drug compliance...

..To evaluate the virological efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a regimen containing 900/100 mg of ritonavir-boosted darunavir once daily in patients with antiretroviral experience but no darunavir resistance...

..This study suggests that urine-PCR is sensitive for diagnosis and may be useful to monitor treatment efficacy...

..To our knowledge, no randomized trials have evaluated whether prophylaxis against toxoplasmic encephalitis can be safely discontinued after the CD4+ T cell count increases in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy...

..This document summarizes the group's conclusions on the future of antiretroviral treatment, presented as 20 relevant questions. Each question includes the current status of the topic and our vision for the future...

..More than 80% of patients who continued with nevirapine had viral loads < 50 copies/ml and CD4 cell counts > 200 cells/pl...

..Whether a therapeutic approach addressed to those metabolic abnormalities may have any impact on body fat is not clear...

..6 cells/mm3 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Switching to RAL in clinical practice was mainly driven by toxicity, convenience or interactions, they were well tolerated and secured virologic suppression in the vast majority of patients...

..03 and P < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of DHPS mutants in Spain is low and is not associated with a worse outcome. Severe respiratory failure at admission is the strongest predictor of PCP outcome...

..The aim of this study, performed when QD regimens were still limited, was to determine the degree of adherence and patient satisfaction of QD dosing versus twice-daily dosing (BID) of ART...

..Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of 23-valent PPV in HIV-infected adults and the risk factors for pneumococcal pneumonia or invasive pneumococcal disease...

..However, concerns arise regarding the real interactions, tolerability and virological efficacy in HIV-TB-coinfected patients, which may differ from healthy volunteers or HIV-infected patients without TB...

..Therapy is based on supportive measures and discontinuation of all antiretroviral drugs. Administration of essential vitamin coenzymes, electron acceptors and L-carnitine may be useful in some cases...

..This review analyzes the current methods to determine mitochondrial damage and the available data to support their utility in clinical practice...

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..However, the presence of viable parasites during post-treatment follow-up increased the probability of relapse and showed that culture positivity could be a good relapse marker...

..Pure X4 and X4R5 dual-tropic viruses may be recognized in approximately 15% of drug-naive HIV-1-positive patients. CCR5 antagonists are active against R5 viruses; therefore, HIV tropism should be known before their prescription...

..Individuals with the detected factors (male, having any sexual risk behaviour and being > 50 years) should be in the main focus for HIV testing to further ensure continuous decrease in the slope of late detected HIV infections overall...

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..We conducted a multicenter study to analyze differences in clinical presentation of IPD between HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected adults in the prevaccine and postvaccine era...

..Studying the changing trends of HIV epidemics is a useful means of evaluating the results of current preventive plans as well as of defining future needs and objectives...

..17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.73). We conclude that specific therapy with cofactors may improve the outcome for patients with this syndrome...

..0006). The efficacy of ABLC is similar to meglumine antimoniate, but the severity of toxicity in the treatment of HIV-VL is lower with ABLC...

..Patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) were more likely to present with TMP-SMZ-resistant pneumococci than were those who were not receiving this agent (76.7% vs. 43.6%; P=.007). The mortality rate was high (21%)...

..1%) of the control group and one patient (20%) of the HIV group presented a sustained virologic response (P=NS). Short- to midterm results of LT in HIV-HCV co-infected patients were excellent and similar to non-HIV patients...

..We report a case of QT prolongation and development of ventricular arrhythmia in one HIV patient that started with intravenous clarithromycin and cotrimoxazole therapy...

..To analyse the genetic changes in the gp41 protein in HIV-infected patients with detectable plasma viraemia receiving a long-term salvage enfuvirtide regimen...

..A retrospective longitudinal study from the VACH cohort comparing both regimens was performed...

..To provide an update of guidelines from the Spanish AIDS Study Group (GESIDA) and the National AIDS Plan (PNS) committee on the prevention of opportunistic infections in adult and adolescent HIV-infected patients...

..The combination of didanosine, lamivudine, and efavirenz (ddI/3TC/EFV) for the initial treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been insufficiently analyzed in clinical trials...

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..We assessed the strategy of substituting nevirapine, efavirenz, or abacavir for a protease inhibitor in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in whom virologic suppression had been achieved...

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..One-third of patients with PML died despite receipt of HAART; neurologic function improved in approximately one-half of the survivors. A CD4+ cell count of <100 cells/microL was associated with higher mortality...