Jaime Prat

..Krukenberg tumors are metastatic adenocarcinomas traditionally perceived as composed of mucin-filled signet-ring cells associated with a striking proliferation of the ovarian stroma but many variations on this pattern occur...

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..This article reviews the genetic changes of endometrial carcinogenesis in the light of morphological features of the tumours and their precursors...

..Ovarian cancer in HNPCC syndrome is diagnosed at younger age than in the general population. Most tumors are low-stage well-differentiated or moderately differentiated carcinomas. Annual follow-up is recommended for these patients...

..Furthermore, our data show that molecular genetic classification of synchronous independent versus metastatic tumors based on beta -catenin expression/mutation correlates with clinical outcome...

..Alterations in beta-catenin and PTEN genes, as well as MSI, are frequent in low-stage ovarian carcinomas of endometrioid type that have a favorable prognosis...

..03) and decrease in host inflammatory response (p = 0.01). Fas-R expression by tumor cells seems unrelated to stage or lymphoid infiltrate. Tumor production of Fas-L may represent an attempt to destroy the host's lymphocytic reaction...

..000) than patients with only p53 alterations. Such a relationship was lost when we considered exon 9 PIK3CA mutations. Our results contribute to further characterize the molecular genetic model for endometrial carcinogenesis...

..Exon 20 PIK3CA mutations are relatively frequent in Her-2+ tumors and shorten survival, whereas neither exons 9 and 20 mutations seem related with "triple negative" breast carcinomas...

..These data suggest that in human ECS, the interplay between transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin and miRNAs provides a link between EMT-activation and the maintenance of stemness...

..Furthermore, co-expression of caspase-3 and XIAP identified high-grade serous carcinomas with different prognosis (P=0.03). Our results suggest that there are different biological subtypes of high-grade serous carcinomas...

..Identical p53 mutations were detected in the primary ovarian carcinoma and the subsequent MMMT in each case...

..Identification of these subgroups can provide insight into the biology of these tumors and may facilitate the development of future treatments...

..Our data suggest that FOXL2 mutation and mRNA expression are of prognostic importance in both adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors...

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..The aim was to investigate the relationship between the expression of PKC theta, Bcl-10 and P-p65(Ser536) proteins and their prognostic significance in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs)...

..04). ARHGDIA, CDC42, RHOA, and RHOC expression may contribute to explain the different stage at diagnosis of clear cell and high-grade serous carcinomas. RHOA may cause resistance of high-grade serous carcinoma to chemotherapy...

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..The frequency of occurrence and criteria for the diagnosis of intraepithelial carcinoma and microinvasion in ELMBT are discussed...

..Currently, there is no consensus on risk factors for adverse outcome. This review summarizes the available clinicopathological data on uterine sarcomas classified by the WHO diagnostic criteria...

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..Our results indicate that LOH at 19p13.3 in sporadic SCSTs targets a gene different from STK11, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of sporadic SCSTs, especially in tumors containing sex cord derivatives...

..Recent studies suggest that basal like carcinomas are originated from mammary stem cells...

..Although most tumors are associated with poor prognosis even when apparently confined to the uterus (stage I), some cases that exhibited morphologic features of malignancy had prolonged survival...

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..Surgery alone appears to be the treatment of choice. In contrast, MMMTs may present in advanced stage and are aggressive tumors, similar to malignant mixed müllerian tumors...

..065; 28% versus 5%, P = .046). Our results raise the possibility that CDC42-positive macrophages may prevent the development of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas...

..Our findings suggest that epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulators are implicated in myometrial invasion of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma and may be potential therapeutic targets through the MAPK/ERK pathway...

..It may be possible to identify a subset of leiomyosarcomas with a favorable prognosis based on staining with a panel of immunomarkers for cell proliferation and apoptosis...

..This review presents the most important prognostic factors of endometrial carcinomas from the pathologist's viewpoint, and attempts to clarify existing conflicts in the classification and diagnosis of these tumors...

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..The micropapillary pattern alone does not imply an unfavorable prognosis; only micropapillary tumors associated with invasive implants behave aggressively...

..4, P=0.011). Our results suggest that membrane expression of PKC-beta 2 protein on DLBCL predicts for poor survival, especially in patients with low IPI...

..000005). Macrophages and microvessels may play an important role in the biologic behavior of DTF. This finding could help in the clinical management of patients with DTF...

..Their coexpression of vimentin and cytokeratins is consistent with an origin from submesothelial mesenchymal cells, which undergo partial transformation into epithelial cells...

..On the basis of the clonal origin of both tumour components, carcinosarcomas are currently thought to be metaplastic carcinomas rather than uterine sarcomas...

..These findings suggest that some of the tumors currently classified as adenofibromas, on the basis of their low mitotic count and lack of significant nuclear atypia, are, in fact, well-differentiated adenosarcomas...

..05). The results confirm that beta-catenin plays a role in endometrial carcinogenesis, particularly in endometrioid carcinomas. The results also suggest that MMP-7 and particularly cD may be targets of beta-catenin activation in ECs...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that tumors from patients with MTS exhibit MI. Moreover, immunostaining for MLH-1 and MSH-2 may be useful to identify the most probable gene responsible for the disease in each family...

..These foci/nodules may exhibit rhabdoid, sarcomatoid (spindle cell), or pleomorphic features...

..The presence of anaplastic components in stage Ia (intact) carcinomas did not have an adverse effect in their outcome, even when the undifferentiated carcinomatous elements appeared in the form of mural nodules...

..This review summarizes recent advances in the molecular pathology which have greatly improved our understanding of the biology of ovarian carcinoma and are also relevant to patient management...

..To compare the cytologic features of histologically proven lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroitidis) and primary thyroid lymphomas (TL)...

..As found typically in endocervical (müllerian) mucinous tumors, numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in the stroma and the neoplastic mucinous epithelium...

..Pap Test and determine whether the Hybrid Capture System II (HCII) for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) could increase the sensitivity and effectiveness of cervical screening in a low risk population...

..001) and activated caspase-3 (P=0.089). IGF-IR could be as important as EGFR for the growth of these neoplasms. Basal cell carcinoma has at least two subtypes with distinct microscopic and immunohistochemical features...

..In this review we summarise recent advances in the molecular pathology, which have greatly improved our understanding of the biology of ovarian carcinoma and are also relevant to patient management...

..The identical stroma microenvironment found in the primary and the corresponding metastatic tumor suggests that tumor stroma response is determined by the intrinsic biology of the tumor...

..The purpose of this study was to further unravel the genetic pathways through which SBTs develop, with a special focus on explaining the generally benign SBT behavior. Materials and..

..Finally, upregulation of P-cadherin was observed in 28.6% of cases. This alteration was associated with the histology of the lesion, since it was found in 9.5% of AEHs, 27.7% of EECs, and 46.2% of NEECs (p = 0.021)...

..In summary, our data indicate that mutations of CCND1, which probably render the protein insensitive to degradation, represent a previously unreported mechanism of cyclin D1 overexpression in human tumors in vivo...

..Overall, the morphologic and immunohistochemical findings in uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors strongly support that these unusual uterine tumors are polyphenotypic neoplasms with true sex cord differentiation...

..Our results demonstrated a high prevalence of alterations in molecules of the APC/beta-catenin pathway, but only mutations in beta-catenin gene are associated with aberrant nuclear localization of beta-catenin...

..In conclusion, there was a direct relationship between tamoxifen exposure and overexpression of beta-catenin oncoprotein, which is known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of estrogen-driven, type I endometrial adenocarcinoma...

..Although the combination of operative and histopathologic findings allow their distinction, histochemical and immunohistochemical stains may also be useful...

..These results suggest that the NF-kappaB and IkappaB families of genes may be important in endometrial carcinogenesis, by controlling apoptosis and cell proliferation...

..Because PTEN abnormalities are very frequent in ECs, the results from this study indicate that PTEN may interfere with the process of apoptosis and cell proliferation by promoting survivin expression...

..Uterine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare and have been reported in the cervix. We describe a case of MPNST of the uterine corpus, and discuss its differential diagnosis...

..In summary, the results confirm that PIK3CA mutations are frequent in endometrial carcinoma and support the hypothesis that PIK3CA mutations may have an additive effect to PTEN monoallelic inactivation in endometrial carcinoma...

..The results indicate that monoclonal antibody 6.H2.1 may be a suitable alternative for tumors with inactivation of PTEN...

..The results suggest that reduced expression of RASSF1A may play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis by controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis through the MAPK-signaling pathway...

..Some APAs exhibit MLH-1 promoter hypermethylation with focal lack of MLH-1 immunostaining, a molecular abnormality involved in the transition from complex atypical hyperplasia to endometrioid adenocarcinoma...

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..The main tumors in the differential diagnosis are those in the fibroma/thecoma category, spindle cell carcinomas, and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors...

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