Albert Hofman

..To evaluate the risk of PD associated with tea consumption. Material and..

..Previous systemic reviews have reported a protective effect of smoking against Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the protective effect has not been examined before by any systemic review in patients with young onset PD...

..Our objective was to explain, in simple terms, the technique of meta-analysis and this could permit its application and use in the clinical practice and neurological investigations...

..movement disorders of PD protect against smoking. Another explanation is that failure to develop strong smoking habits in early adult life might be a prodromal symptom of the disease and could perhaps be its first clinical manifestation...

..Further studies evaluating the association between smoking and PD in women are strongly needed...

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..Our findings match with previous studies, apart from the high frequency of lung transplantation in our series. We recommend further studies on large prospective cohorts...

..Future research for PD risk factors should consider that multiple interactions occur in PD, resulting in a complex trait, which includes genetic, acquired, and environmental components...

..In Egypt, the Health Sector Reform Program (HSRP) has been implemented since 1999 in primary healthcare (PHC) centres adopting the family health approach...

..52 (0.29-0.93) and 0.45 (0.23-0.86), for heterozygotes and H131 homozygotes, respectively; P trend=0.02). This is the first study showing that the H131 allele of FcgammaRIIa protects against advanced peripheral atherosclerosis...

..87 (95% CI 0.64-1.19) for vitamin A and 0.94 (95% CI 0.60-1.48) for vitamin E. Antioxidants were not related to CD in non-demented subjects. Our findings suggest no association between plasma levels of vitamin A and E and AD or CD...

..CONCLUSION: White matter lesions, especially in the periventricular region, increase the risk of dementia in elderly people...

..Increased mortality risk in Parkinson disease is dependent on disease duration and is only modest in the absence of dementia...

..040). Our findings support the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to the risk of Parkinson disease and suggest a potential protective effect of the natural antioxidant and free radical scavenger uric acid...

..90; 95% CI, 4.47-13.98). CONCLUSION: Our findings strongly suggest that patients receiving high-dose corticosteroid therapy are at increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation...

..Since serum levels of C-reactive protein are partly determined by genetic factors, we examined the association between genetic variation in the C-reactive protein gene with dementia and AD...

..A potential role of plasma Abeta concentrations as a marker of incipient dementia warrants further investigation...

..The aim of this study was to examine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and CRP gene variations were associated with an altered risk of colorectal, lung, breast, or prostate cancer...

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..To investigate still-controversial associations between prior cataract surgery and aging macula disorder (AMD) in a general population...

..31), 1.06 (0.99-1.14), and 1.20 (1.10-1.31). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that, in a population of apparently healthy older adults, PP is not a better predictor of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality than SBP...

..We investigated the association between APOE genotypes and left ventricular dysfunction in a population of community-dwelling elderly subjects...

..CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of silent brain infarcts on MRI in the general elderly population strongly increases with age. The cardiovascular risk factors for silent brain infarcts are similar to those for stroke...

..Fibrinogen and sP-sel levels were unrelated to AF. The prothrombotic state of AF may be subject to sex differences, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine the relationship between these plasma markers and stroke risk...

..2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.1; p < 0.01). In patients with a positive family history, these risks increased to 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3-5.3; p < 0.01) and 3.5 (95% CI, 1.3-9.3; p = 0.01), respectively...

..CONCLUSIONS: Elderly people with silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions are at a strongly increased risk of stroke, which could not be explained by the major stroke risk factors...

..Carriers of HFE C282Y and H63D mutations have elevated serum iron levels and may have an increased risk for stroke. We studied the association between HFE gene mutations, carotid atherosclerosis, and stroke...

..These results emphasize the need for prevention of progression of extracoronary atherosclerotic disease in men and women alike...

..65 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.87), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.05), and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77), respectively. In conclusion, an inverse association between alcohol consumption and peripheral arterial disease was found in nonsmoking men and women...

..The results suggest that coronary calcification as detected by electron-beam CT may be useful to identify subjects at high risk of stroke...

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..For men, no clear association was found, possibly due to insufficient power. No clear association between testosterone and incident vertebral fractures was observed in either men or women...

..Their prevalence increases with age and seems higher in women. Hypertension is associated with silent infarcts, but other cardiovascular risk factors are not...

..48 ml (95% CI = 0.04-0.91) and 0.24 ml (95% CI = -0.27-0.75). Higher Abeta levels are associated with more lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions in elderly subjects who carry an APOE epsilon4 allele...

..Exposure to antidepressants is associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures, but most previous studies incriminate tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) rather than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)...

..Remarkably, it is absent in the aorta and the lower-extremity vessels. Factors causing this site-specific gender difference require further investigation...

..Possible effect modification by smoking and inflammatory markers was examined...

..To examine the associations of alcohol consumption in different periods of pregnancy with the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth...

..Several lines of evidence suggest a role of inflammatory processes in Parkinson disease, although it is still unclear whether inflammation is a cause or rather a consequence of neurodegeneration...

..An example is catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an estrogen-degrading enzyme involved in inactivation of catechol-estrogens. Its gene contains a functional valine to methionine substitution at codon 158...

..We examined sodium and potassium intake in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in an unselected older population...

..To assess the associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy and in the postnatal period with respiratory tract infections in young infants...

..We investigated whether unrecognized MI is also a risk factor for dementia and cerebral small vessel disease (white matter lesions and brain infarction) in 2 population-based cohort studies...

..When users were re-examined some years later, chronic somatic disease, pain and stress seemed to contribute to the continuation of benzodiazepine use...

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..16-1.58). We concluded that total homocysteine levels are associated with silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions independent of each other and of other cardiovascular risk factors...

..7, P = 0.001). We confirm that the COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism influences BMD and the risk of fracture in postmenopausal Caucasian women. In contrast, we found no independent effect of the -1997 G/T promoter polymorphism on BMD or fracture...

..Weaker associations were found with arteriolar diameters. Our findings support the hypothesis that larger retinal venular diameters reflect systemic inflammation and suggest that inflammation is involved in cerebrovascular disease...

..No difference was seen for pulse wave velocity among genotypes. In conclusion, the results of this population-based study show that the ACE ID/DD genotypes are associated with higher common carotid stiffness...

..CONCLUSION: Statin use is associated with a lower risk of vertebral fracture. Randomized clinical trials in a population at risk for fracture are needed to examine this association...

..The study entered its pilot phase to test the logistics in December 2001. Full participant recruitment and complete data collection started in 2002...

..Our findings support the hypothesis that homocysteine plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease...

..CONCLUSION: Measurement of CRP in elderly people has no additional value in coronary disease risk prediction when traditional cardiovascular risk factors are known...

..The findings are consistent with findings from lesion and functional neuroimaging studies...

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..Associations did not differ across APOE genotypes. Our findings do not suggest involvement of genetic variance in IL-6 and TGFbeta1 in the development of dementia...

..Associations were stronger in persons without hypertension than in those with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Uric acid is a strong risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke...

..CONCLUSIONS: Although CRP levels are associated with stroke risk, their use in the assessment of individual stroke risk seems limited...

..A glucocorticoid receptor gene variant (ER22/23EK) is related to relative glucocorticoid resistance. We investigated whether the ER22/23EK allele is associated with dementia and structural brain abnormalities...

..Further research should focus on the causal pathway from prenatal cigarette exposure via brain development to behavioural and cognitive functions...

..We investigated the association of atherosclerosis with dementia and subtypes of dementia during long follow-up, with various noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis...

..We did not observe an association between the ApoE polymorphism and osteoporosis in this study, which is thus far the largest study on ApoE and osteoporosis...