Juan J Diez

..The experiences with peritoneal dialysis suggest consideration of this treatment as the first choice for cirrhotic patients with ascites and that need to start dialysis...

..In conclusion, therapy with different formulations of octreotide and lanreotide does not seem to modify serum concentrations of ct and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma...

..Inhaled insulin currently represents the most viable alternative insulin delivery method to preprandial subcutaneous injection...

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..To review the main pharmacological properties and clinical applications of the drugs used in the medical therapy of Cushing's syndrome...

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..Our aim has been to assess the relative frequency of the diverse causes of hypothyroidism in a group of patients older than 55 years and the adequacy of control of thyroid function attained by levothyroxine therapy...

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..GH and IGFBP-1 both play a role in glucose homeostasis...

..Our aim has been to assess the frequency of the diverse etiologies of goiter in adult patients aged 55 years and older, and evaluate the relationships between etiology and age, sex, and goiter features...

..Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism may revert to normal TSH values...

..Blockade of muscarinic receptor with pirenzepine blunts the GH release in several clinical situations. However, little information is available on the role played by central cholinergic pathways in GH regulation in uraemic patients...

..Subjects with mildly elevated TSH have a low incidence rate of overt hypothyroidism. We recommend follow-up with clinical and biochemical monitoring in these patients...

..Derangements in ghrelin secretion in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have not been fully evaluated...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the circulating levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in patients with thyroid dysfunction before and after normalization of thyroid function with appropriate therapy...

..In this study, we review the more relevant aspects related to insulin therapy in diabetic patients with different degrees of renal failure and in patients with ESRD, both in conservative therapy and dialysis...

..Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of 2 measurements of serum adiponectin levels for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in uremic patients...

..The role of ghrelin in appetite modulation is altered in uremic PD patients, and that alteration is possibly associated with disorders in insulin and growth hormone metabolism...

..The risk for subclinical hyperthyroidism is increased in women with T2D. Advanced age and the presence of goitre are significantly and independently related with the presence of subclinical hyperthyroidism in diabetic population...

..Adequacy of replacement treatment seems to be mainly related to the degree of thyroid hypofunction and the time from starting therapy...

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..Our aim was to evaluate the incidence rate of overt hyperthyroidism in a cohort of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism and to assess the potential risk factors for the development of overt thyroid hyperfunction...

..According to this hypothesis, this protein would behave as an insulin sensitizing and cardioprotective factor in the health state and as a wasting marker in the advanced states of disease...

..The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence, clinical significance and prognostic implications of alterations in thyroid function tests (TFTs) in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI)...

..Direct or indirect potentiation of its effects might be a potential therapeutic target in insulin-resistant states...

..We report, for the first time, both histologic lesions associated in a patient with a history of vagotomy and pyloroplasty for a duodenal ulcer and we discuss the possible pathogenic mechanisms...

..Finally, discordant results in resistin levels in thyroid dysfunction have been reported in humans...

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..Available data are encouraging and stimulate interest in further studies to clarify the real extent of Se deficiency and the need for Se supplementation in patients with kidney disease...

..Although there are encouraging data suggesting plausible benefits from testosterone replacement therapy, further studies are needed with regards to safety and effectiveness of this therapy...

..CONCLUSION: GI abnormalities (malabsorption, maldigestion, pancreatic dysfunction, and protein losing enteropathy) are present in an important number of PD patients. These features are negatively associated to nutrition...

..Finally, the negative correlation between IGF-I and IGFBP-1 and the positive correlation between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are maintained in both groups of adult dialysis patients...

..Finally, tolerability and safety profile of PPARgamma agonists in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate are also analysed...

..Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is increasingly recognized as an entity particularly associated with higher mortality...

..We conclude that hypoalbuminemia is also a marker of fluid excess. The SA is associated to the fluid index and the PA allows assessment of the dry weight and its variations in an individualized manner in dialysis patients...

..We performed a prospective study to assess plasma leptin concentrations in a group of dialysis patients both before and during short-term rhGH therapy...

..The addition of cabergoline to somatostatin analogue therapy is accompanied by a further decrease in IGF-I levels that is independent of serum prolactin concentrations...

..We aimed to evaluate the interplay between metformin therapy and serum TSH concentrations in a group of patients with T2D and normal thyroid function...

..To assess treatment outcome in male patients with micro- and macroprolactinomas...

..PET is a functional imaging technique that reflects tumor metabolism. A multimodality approach, including CT, MRI, SRS, ultrasound and endoscopy, is nowadays recommended for detecting these tumors...

..Other lipid-lowering drugs with the ability to act at the enterocyte level, such as avasimibe and implitapide, are currently being investigated in humans...

..Our findings support the hypothesis that factors other than PTH level might have an important role in affecting osteoblastic function in renal osteodystrophy...

..Residual renal function seem to have a protective effect on appetite preservation. The present study supports the hypothesis of the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of malnutrition in PD patients...

..By decreasing leptin, rHuEPO could increase food intake and improve the nutritional status of PD patients. At baseline, we confirm the existence of a chronic inflammatory process in uremia...

..In conclusion, hemodialysis patients show limited HCV-specific effector CD4(+) Th1-cell responses which nonetheless seem unrelated to the anti-HCV status and are not more impaired due to the ongoing hemodialysis...

..In addition, novel molecular targets have been identified. Short-term modulation of apoptosis may be useful to accelerate recovery and to prevent irreversible peritoneal injury following peritonitis...

..This observation suggests that PD-related factors are the main contributors to the severity of vasculopathy. Uremia may participate in the development of the lesion but it does not seem to be responsible for its severity...

..A change to HTBL was associated with improvement in serum albumin. Protein status is possibly a factor influencing bone lesion outcome...

..CONCLUSION: These results suggest that mesothelial cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition are the main source of VEGF in PD patients and therefore may be responsible for a high peritoneal transport rate...

..Herein, we analysed the modulating role of BMP-7 on EMT of MC in vitro and its protective effects in a rat PD model...

..Human peritoneal function on commencing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is not yet adequately understood. The objective of this study was to determine peritoneal functional patterns on commencing PD...

..Our aim was to compare the effects on bone metabolism of LCD (calcium: 1.25 mmol/l) with that of a standard calcium dialysate (SCD; calcium: 1.75 mmol/l)...

..With its very low response rate to broad-spectrum antibiotics, the increased severity of E. coli peritonitis deteriorates peritoneal function and affects patient outcome...

..Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) have increased intra-abdominal pressure and a high prevalence of abdominal wall complications...

..In consequence, it should be the technique of first choice in these situations. Only when the alpha maneuver fails should invasive methods, including catheter change, be considered...

..Less frequent dosing regimens during anemia treatment could benefit Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) patients. We investigated the effectiveness of darbepoetin alfa dosed every-other-week (Q2W) for maintaining hemoglobin (Hb) levels (11-13 g/dL)...

..This finding may demonstrate better biocompatibility for Bic/Lac solution...

..The use of solutions containing hypertonic glucose (3.86%/4.25%) has been postulated as the method of choice for study the peritoneal function, and permits a better evaluation of the ultrafiltration (UF) capacity...

..Factors such as diverticular disease and gastric acid inhibitors have been implicated in its appearance. We investigated several risk factors, including those mentioned below, that can influence the development of EP...

..To define risk factors for ultrafiltration failure (UFF) during early stages of peritoneal dialysis (PD)...

..This article aims to review the role of the nephrologist in HF treatment, with an emphasis on the subgroup of patients with RHF and current evidence regarding the usefulness of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a chronic coadjuvant treatment...

..To further analyze the relationship between peritoneal neoangiogenesis induced by VEGF and peritoneal transport, we studied peritoneal effluent VEGF levels in active PD patients...

..27 g/L; p = 0.45). No side effects were observed. Our experience suggests that treatment with 160 mg MA daily in PD patients leads to an increase in appetite, serum albumin, and weight gain in most patients, with no negative side effects...

..In conclusion, upregulation of COX-2 during EMT may mediate peritoneal inflammation, suggesting COX-2 inhibition as a potential strategy to ameliorate peritoneal deterioration in PD patients...

..Uremic anorexia may be explained by a hypothalamic hyperserotoninergic state derived from a high concentration of tryptophan and low branched-chain amino acids...

..However, a prospective therapeutic trial is required to confirm our results...

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..However there is scarce information on the modulation of cell death by combinations of cytokines and on the therapeutic targets to prevent desmesothelization...

..4 vs 1.8+/-1-fold over healthy control). Our results thus identify TWEAK as a regulator of non-canonical NFkappaB activation and CCL21 expression in tubular cells thus promoting lymphocyte recruitment to the kidney during acute injury...

..These results suggest that changes in HCV RNA and HGF levels during hemodialysis are not influenced by the schedule or type of membrane used...

..1 patient died of an unrelated cause after 1 year on PD. 1 patient received a successful kidney graft 5 years after the observation of HMCs. 1 patient developed type I UF failure 10 years after the first observation...

..In conclusion, malnutrition-inflammation syndrome may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, to prothrombotic and proatherogenic processes in PD patients...

..Our aim was to describe potential therapeutic targets in AngII-induced EMT, investigating the blockade of different intracellular pathways...

..Several uremia-acquired disorders in the CNS such as high cerebrospinal fluid levels of anorexigen substances and disorders in appetite regulator receptors may explain the lack of appetite...

..Cystatin C (CysC) is a nonglycosylated protein of low molecular weight not influenced by age, sex or inflammation. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the usefulness of serum CysC level determination in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

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..These findings have important implications for the initiation of immune responses under high lactate conditions, such as those occurring within tumor tissues or after macrophage activation...

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..The changes in pro-thrombotic and pro-atherogenic factors in dialysis patients require further study to evaluate all the factors implicated in the atherogenic process...

..All of those features suggest that plasma leptin levels could be considered a marker of CV risk and food intake in non obese PD patients without inflammation...

..We also propose possible mechanisms of regulation and new targets for inhibition of EMT...

..Our results and the findings of other researchers about intracellular vitamin A and E deficiencies may change the traditional concept of hypervitaminosis A and E in uremic patients...

..Information from multiple origins about TGF-beta and VEGF is integrated into EMT process in a comprehensive manner. Regulation and new targets for inhibition of EMT or its deleterious effects are discussed...

..Future therapeutic interventions could be designated in order to prevent or reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, or its pernicious effects...

..In addition, acute peritonitis is characterized by sudden changes in the number of peritoneal leukocytes. However, the factors regulating peritoneal cell survival are poorly understood...

..Although we cannot rule out an allergic cause, the massive peritoneal mononuclear cell recruitment suggests a particular mechanism. This is a new mechanism for peritoneal cell recruitment in PD...

..Based on megestrol acetate interventions and the recent observation that sex may modulate uremic appetite behavior, the potential role of sex hormones in treating chronic kidney disease anorexia needs to be further explored...

..19 +/- 18 months, p = 0.02). Fungal peritonitis is a rare cause of peritonitis in PD patients, but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Longer time on PD is the main factor in technique failure and mortality...

..These 3 mechanisms participate in the peritoneal pathology secondary to peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Despite their potential relevance to PD-related pathology, few studies have focused on MCs...