Ramon A Juste

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..This puts ruminant farming under suspicion and causes a difficult balance between Public Health precaution and practical control measures...

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..The Basque Country avian influenza surveillance program began sample collection and processing the fall of 2005...

..We herein evaluate the prevalence of MAP DNA in healthy individuals and compare them with IBD patients on antiMAP antibiotics...

..Either confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis presented here should create new knowledge that will bring closer the eradication of a cause of human and animal suffering...

..Other control strategies have failed, because of either high costs or lack of efficacy on a large scale...

..These results suggest that blood PCR testing might be a potentially useful new approach in paratuberculosis diagnosis, especially in young animals...

..However, the majority of MAP vaccines were very similar and rudimentary and thus there is room for improvement in vaccine types and formulations...

..Similarities between human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ruminant paratuberculosis have fueled a heated discussion on the role of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in the etiology of IBD...

..Serum antibodies were analysed by ELISA and positive samples were retested by Complement Fixation test (CFT) to detect recent infections...

..burnetii infection. Shedding was not detected in ewes and yearlings in the last 2 years, but C. burnetii still persisted in the environment...

..qRT-PCR results were compared with those obtained by conventional RT-PCR and used to predict persistent infections...

..The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and strain diversity of L. monocytogenes in healthy ruminants and swine herds...

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..The results of this study demonstrated that MAP can be detected and cultured from muscle of MAP-infected cattle destined for human consumption and suggest a possible risk of exposure of humans to MAP via contaminated meat...

..Two-hundred and sixty-nine isolates were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SnaBI and SpeI endonucleases. Differences in strain isolation upon various media conditions were also studied...

..reticulatus analyzed. Mixed infections were not found in any of the analyzed ticks. These results are compared and discussed with data obtained in previous studies carried out in the same and other regions...

..The widespread distribution of Theileria spp. in the studied sheep population suggests that the parasites involved are of relatively low pathogenicity, in contrast to what has been reported for Theileria sp. China 1 in other countries...

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..Antigen ELISA is therefore recommended for fetuses with advanced autolysis that can adversely affect RNA integrity...

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..avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains. Correlations between the estimated log(10) CFU and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA copy numbers were very high for all the tested strains (R ≥ 0.9)...

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..4% similarity, were identified. The biologic meaning of such genotypes is discussed in terms of their phylogenetic relationships and potential pathogenicity...

..This disease shows a distinct clinical and neuropathological phenotype and it is associated to an abnormal prion protein more sensitive to protease digestion...

..Real-time PCR is widely used for the detection of piroplasms but quantification is not commonly considered...

..The method described herein can substantially improve the detection of piroplasm carriers and thus better protect livestock trade and facilitate preventive control programs...

..avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells, we conclude that qPCR of a single-copy gene may be used reliably for rapid estimation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacterial numbers in a sample...

..These results suggest that vaccine studies in free-living wild boar are now possible to reveal the full potential of protecting against TB using oral M. bovis inactivated and BCG vaccines...

..Microscopy examination of blood smears and haematology were also performed whenever possible to identify animals with parasitaemia...

..The findings of the present study suggest that the free-range rearing conditions described herein might have an advantageous effect on diminishing Salmonella but not on Campylobacter or L. monocytogenes flock contamination...

..Vaccination was repeated for the following two seasons, and the percentage of animal shedders was reduced to minimal levels highlighting the importance of vaccination over the longer term...

..Our results indicated that the survival of the tested Map isolates within bovine macrophages is associated with the specific host from which the isolates were initially isolated...

..1% to 88.1%. It will be important to investigate the association of this pestivirus with disease in Pyrenean chamois...

..Fast and simple detection methods would be critical for assessing infection prevalence, study the mechanisms of pathogen transmission and monitoring the effects of TB control measures...

..Moreover, it indicates that MVV-control in extensive and semi-intensive flocks can be simple and inexpensive...

..Overexpression of IL-10 could be responsible for the Map-associated reduction in the expression of the proapoptotic TNF-α gene observed in bovine and human macrophages...

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..The analysis of a further set of 88 isolates by real-time PCR confirmed the absence of macrolide resistance and demonstrated the reproducibility and processability of the assay...

..valaisiana, and B. lusitaniae). The results indicate that some areas of Spain have a potential risk for Lyme disease agent exposure and that B. borgdorferi appears to have an increasing occurrence in ticks in the Basque Country...

..This differential gene expression might reflect a spatial-temporal and tissue-specific molecular pathogenesis of scrapie...