Research Topics
Species | Peter R DonaldSummaryAffiliation: University of Stellenbosch Country: South Africa Publications
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Publications
Childhood tuberculosis: out of control?Peter R Donald
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital and the University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Curr Opin Pulm Med 8:178-82. 2002..In the developing world, childhood tuberculosis is not under control, and, despite its importance as a child health problem, remains a neglected orphan disease...
Pyrazinamide pharmacokinetics and efficacy in adults and childrenP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 92:1-8. 2012..Children can receive the same mg/kg body weight PZA dosage as adults...
Rifampin pharmacokinetics in children, with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection, hospitalized for the management of severe forms of tuberculosisHendrik Simon Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
BMC Med 7:19. 2009..The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of rifampin in children with tuberculosis, both human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected...- Tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: the Rich focus revisitedP R Donald
The Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Stellenbosch, P O Box 19063, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
J Infect 50:193-5. 2005.... - The early bactericidal activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs: a literature reviewP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 88:S75-83. 2008.... - The treatment of tuberculosis in childhoodPeter R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Tygerberg, W Cape
S Afr Med J 97:992-4. 2007 - The assessment of new anti-tuberculosis drugs for a paediatric indicationP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11:1162-5. 2007..However, it is essential that the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of any new agent should be assessed in a population of children over a range of ages... - Old and new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis in childrenPeter R Donald
Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
Paediatr Respir Rev 8:134-41. 2007..For the first time in three decades, new antituberculosis agents have entered clinical trials, but it may be several years before their evaluation is complete... - A research agenda to promote the management of childhood tuberculosis within national tuberculosis programmesP R Donald
Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11:370-80. 2007..Study the role of families as agents for DOTS, evaluate private sector participation in childhood TB management. --Document bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation complications and study management strategies... - Ethambutol dosage for the treatment of children: literature review and recommendationsP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:1318-30. 2006.... - The influence of human N-acetyltransferase genotype on the early bactericidal activity of isoniazidP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 39:1425-30. 2004..The EBA appeared to reach a maximum at a 2-h isoniazid concentration of 2-3 microg/mL. These data confirm a significant effect of NAT2 genotype on the EBA of isoniazid over a range of doses... - The chemotherapy of osteo-articular tuberculosis with recommendations for treatment of childrenP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
J Infect 62:411-39. 2011..To review literature regarding osteo-articular tuberculosis (OATB) and make recommendations made for the chemotherapy of children... - The chemotherapy of tuberculous lymphadenopathy in childrenP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:213-24. 2010..Every effort should be made to confirm the diagnosis and possible relapses microbiologically... - Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of antituberculosis agents in adults and childrenP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics and the MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, PO Box 19063, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:279-92. 2010..Antituberculous chemotherapy should be started as soon as the diagnosis of TBM is considered... - The chemotherapy of tuberculous meningitis in children and adultsP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:375-92. 2010..The penetration of RMP, ethambutol and streptomycin into cerebrospinal fluid is poor; higher dosages of RMP should be considered... - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rifampicin in adults and children in relation to the dosage recommended for childrenP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 91:196-207. 2011..It is noteworthy that many adult patients receiving currently recommended RMP dosages also do not reach the often recommended RMP 2 h serum concentration of 8 μg/mL... - Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: old wisdom and new challengesBen J Marais
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:1078-90. 2006.... - Phase II dose-ranging trial of the early bactericidal activity of PA-824Andreas H Diacon
Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:3027-31. 2012..A dose of 100 mg to 200 mg PA-824 daily appears to be safe and efficacious and will be further evaluated as a component of novel antituberculosis regimens for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis... - Culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis in Cape Town, South Africa: a review of 596 casesH Simon Schaaf
Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
BMC Infect Dis 7:140. 2007..The clinical, radiological and microbiological features of culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis diagnosed at two referral hospitals are described... - 14-day bactericidal activity of PA-824, bedaquiline, pyrazinamide, and moxifloxacin combinations: a randomised trialAndreas H Diacon
Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Lancet 380:986-93. 2012..We investigated new multiple-agent combinations over the first 14 days of treatment to assess their suitability for future development... - Childhood drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South AfricaH Simon Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital and Stellenbosh University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Acta Paediatr 95:523-8. 2006..Continued surveillance of drug resistance amongst children presenting with culture-confirmed tuberculosis to a tertiary care hospital and to community clinics... - Paediatric use of second-line anti-tuberculosis agents: a reviewJames A Seddon
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 92:9-17. 2012..This article reviews the available second-line drugs currently used in the treatment of MDR-TB in children and discusses medication properties and adverse effects while potential interactions with antiretroviral therapy are explored... - Suitability of Xpert MTB/RIF and genotype MTBDRplus for patient selection for a tuberculosis clinical trialSven O Friedrich
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
J Clin Microbiol 49:2827-31. 2011..Xpert should be further explored as a surrogate measurement for sputum mycobacterial load... - Randomized Dose-Ranging Study of the 14-Day Early Bactericidal Activity of Bedaquiline (TMC207) in Patients with Sputum Microscopy Smear-Positive Pulmonary TuberculosisAndreas H Diacon
Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57:2199-203. 2013..The finding of a linear trend for dose suggests that the highest dose compatible with safety considerations should be taken forward to longer-term clinical studies... - Surveillance of antituberculosis drug resistance among children from the Western Cape Province of South Africa--an upward trendH Simon Schaaf
Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Am J Public Health 99:1486-90. 2009..We assessed the prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistance among children with tuberculosis (TB) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa... - Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of South African children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelinesHelen McIlleron
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 48:1547-53. 2009..In most countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, children with tuberculosis are prescribed isoniazid at dosages of 4-6 mg/kg/day, as recommended by international authorities... - The early bactericidal activity of streptomycinP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 6:693-8. 2002..If streptomycin-resistant bacilli are present, paromomycin is probably the aminoglycoside of choice... - The early bactericidal activity of amikacin in pulmonary tuberculosisP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 5:533-8. 2001..CONCLUSION: Despite serum concentrations well in excess of the minimal inhibitory concentration of 2-4 microg/ml, the EBA of amikacin in patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was only just detectable... - The influence of dose and N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) genotype and phenotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of isoniazidP R Donald
Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 63:633-9. 2007..2 to 10-12 mg/kg body weight... - Early bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of PA-824 in smear-positive tuberculosis patientsAndreas H Diacon
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54:3402-7. 2010..Because maximum efficacy was unexpectedly achieved at the lowest dosage tested, the activity of lower dosages should now be explored... - Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis of the spine in children--characteristics from a high burden settingJames A Seddon
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
J Trop Pediatr 58:341-7. 2012..Few studies have described children with spinal multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Treatment involves surgery and medical care with long courses of drug therapy... - Nutritional status and its response to treatment of children, with and without HIV infection, hospitalized for the management of tuberculosisH Simon Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Paediatr Int Child Health 32:74-81. 2012..The association of childhood tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition is known, but treatment response, the influence of the acute-phase response (APR) and concomitant HIV infection are not well documented... - A proposed comprehensive classification of tuberculosis disease severity in childrenCatherine A Wiseman
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 31:347-52. 2012..There is no existing approach that comprehensively characterizes the spectrum and severity of pediatric TB. This limits accurate classification of patients and comparison across cohorts... - Antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis: an international perspectivePaul D van Helden
Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 4:759-66. 2006..We highlight some of the controversies and new findings in this area, as well as future perspectives requiring more active interventions, in addition to new technology and developments... - A proposed radiological classification of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosisBen J Marais
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for TB Research and Education CENTRE, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa
Pediatr Radiol 34:886-94. 2004..The hope is that the proposed classification will clarify concepts and stimulate discussion that may lead to future consensus... - Recurrent culture-confirmed tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected childrenH Simon Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:685-91. 2005..CONCLUSION: Recurrent TB in HIV-infected children is common in a high burden TB setting. Both relapse and reinfection occur... - Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazidK Cilliers
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Acta Paediatr 99:705-10. 2010..Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, receiving INH regimens... - Long-term linezolid treatment in a young child with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosisH Simon Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:748-50. 2009..No serious adverse events were observed during 19 months of treatment for XDR-TB... - Pediatric TB: issues related to current and future treatment optionsBen J Marais
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
Future Microbiol 4:661-75. 2009..It includes a brief summary of the relevant literature and presents the authors' personal perspectives on issues related to the treatment of pediatric TB... - Scale-up of services and research priorities for diagnosis, management, and control of tuberculosis: a call to actionBen J Marais
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Lancet 375:2179-91. 2010.... - Brainstem tuberculoma presenting as eight-and-a-half syndromeRonald van Toorn
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Tygerberg 7505, Western Cape, South Africa
Eur J Paediatr Neurol 10:41-4. 2006..We also discuss the management and outcome of the case... - A critical look at the diagnostic value of culture-confirmation in childhood tuberculosisArnold L Engelbrecht
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
J Infect 53:364-9. 2006..CONCLUSIONS: In symptomatic children, the vast majority could be confidently diagnosed on clinical grounds. However, culture-confirmation remains valuable to establish drug susceptibility... - Comparison of diagnostic criteria of tuberculous meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected childrenEsther M van der Weert
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:65-9. 2006..CONCLUSION: The diagnostic criteria for clinical diagnosis of TB meningitis apply to HIV-infected children. However, cranial CT findings in this group may be misleading and delay the diagnosis of TB meningitis... - Tuberculous granulomas in childhood tuberculous meningitis: radiological features and courseA Ravenscroft
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
J Trop Pediatr 47:5-12. 2001..Most granulomas in this series were co-incidental, asymptomatic CT findings. In rare cases, the development or enlargement of a strategically located granuloma may result in complications... - The clinical relevance of Mycobacterial pharmacogeneticsR M Warren
DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 89:199-202. 2009..This hypothesis needs to be tested in well controlled clinical and pharmacokinetic studies... - Early bactericidal activity of paromomycin (aminosidine) in patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosisP R Donald
Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:3285-7. 2000.... - Intensive short course chemotherapy in the management of tuberculous meningitisP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2:704-11. 1998..Short course chemotherapy for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is advocated by several groups, but relatively few children have been so treated and followed up... - Early bactericidal activity of antituberculosis agentsP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 1:141-55. 2003..The greatest source of variation in EBA results appears to be that due to interpatient variation in disease characteristics and sputum sampling... - The effect of adjuvant steroid treatment on serial cerebrospinal fluid changes in tuberculous meningitisJ F Schoeman
Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
Ann Trop Paediatr 21:299-305. 2001..Knowledge of the different CSF responses during the course of anti-tuberculosis therapy is important in clinical decision-making... - Baseline sputum time to detection predicts month two culture conversion and relapse in non-HIV-infected patientsA C Hesseling
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 14:560-70. 2010..Few biomarkers are available to identify tuberculosis (TB) patients at risk of delayed sputum conversion and relapse... - Primary drug-resistant tuberculosis in childrenH S Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital and the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 4:1149-55. 2000..The Western Cape Province of South Africa, an area with a high tuberculosis (TB) incidence where initial isoniazid (INH) resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) among adults was 3.9% and 1.1%, respectively, during 1992-1993... - Adjunctive thalidomide therapy of childhood tuberculous meningitis: possible anti-inflammatory roleJ F Schoeman
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa
J Child Neurol 15:497-503. 2000..These promising results have led us to embark on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of thalidomide in tuberculous meningitis... - Childhood tuberculosisP R Donald
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tygerberg, South Africa
Curr Opin Pulm Med 6:187-92. 2000.... - Time to detection of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in MGIT 960 for determining the early bactericidal activity of antituberculosis agentsA H Diacon
Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, and MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29:1561-5. 2010..Automated TTD could augment, or, in future, replace, CFU counting to determine sputum bacillary load in EBA clinical trials pending a more formal evaluation of the correlation of the measurements... - Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in children treated for respiratory tuberculosisH S Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, South Africa
Arch Dis Child 90:614-8. 2005..To define the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH) in children with tuberculosis in relation to the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype... - Diversity of disease in childhood pulmonary tuberculosisB J Marais
Centre for TB Research and Education, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Ann Trop Paediatr 25:79-86. 2005..tuberculosis. Renewing our focus on the ontogeny of the immune response in children might provide valuable insights to direct future research regarding tuberculosis prevention, vaccine development and treatment... - Outcome of HIV infected children with culture confirmed tuberculosisA C Hesseling
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Arch Dis Child 90:1171-4. 2005..Tuberculosis (TB) is an important disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children living in regions where TB is endemic. There are limited data on the outcome of culture confirmed TB in HIV infected children... - Serial lumbar CSF presure measurements and cranial computed tomographic findings in childhood tuberculous meningititsJ F Schoeman
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
Childs Nerv Syst 16:203-8; discussion 209. 2000.... - The burden of childhood tuberculosis: a public health perspectiveB J Marais
Center for TB Research and Education and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 9:1305-13. 2005..Successful control of the epidemic is the most effective way to reduce the burden of childhood TB, but this will require a holistic approach that acknowledges the importance of sustainable poverty alleviation... - The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy eraB J Marais
Centre for TB Research and Education, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:392-402. 2004..Deciding which children to treat may be extremely difficult in high-prevalence, low-resource settings. The concept of relevant disease provides guidance for more effective public health intervention... - Minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from childrenH S Schaaf
Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26:203-5. 2007..Thus, the minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid for more than 80% of the isoniazid-resistant strains isolated from children in this study was relatively low and could be exceeded by high-dose (15-20 mg/kg) isoniazid regimens... - The clinical epidemiology of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy eraB J Marais
Centre for TB Research and Education and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:278-85. 2004..Infants and adolescents were the groups at highest risk for disease development and death following primary infection... - Early bactericidal activity of high-dose rifampin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis evidenced by positive sputum smearsA H Diacon
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:2994-6. 2007..The observed mean 2-day activity was almost double that reported at the standard dose. Further studies are warranted to establish whether higher rifampin doses might assist in shortening tuberculosis treatment... - Ethionamide cross- and co-resistance in children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosisH S Schaaf
Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 13:1355-9. 2009..Ethionamide (ETH) is a structural analogue of isoniazid (INH). Both are pro-drugs requiring activation by separate and common enzyme pathways, which could lead to co- and/or cross-resistance... - Monitoring the ingestion of anti-tuberculosis drugs by simple non-invasive methodsF A Sirgel
Medical Biochemistry, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Int J Pharm 307:182-7. 2006..The qualitative procedures may therefore be valuable in clinical trials and in tuberculosis clinics to confirm drug ingestion... - Culture confirmed multidrug resistant tuberculosis: diagnostic delay, clinical features, and outcomeH S Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, South Africa
Arch Dis Child 88:1106-11. 2003..To determine the delay in diagnosis of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), the correlation between drug susceptibility patterns of adult-child contact pairs, the effectiveness of treatment, and the outcome in these children... - From magic mountain to table mountainAndreas H Diacon
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Swiss Med Wkly 142:w13665. 2012.... - Culture-confirmed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: clinical features, treatment, and outcomeJames A Seddon
Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 54:157-66. 2012..Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in children is frequently associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. There is limited evidence regarding the management and outcome of children with MDR-tuberculosis... - Early bactericidal activity of amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid in patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosisP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Scand J Infect Dis 33:466-9. 2001.... - Frequency and implications of pyrazinamide resistance in managing previously treated tuberculosis patientsG E Louw
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:802-7. 2006..A method for the rapid detection of PZA resistance would be beneficial in managing patients with suspected drug resistance... - The early bactericidal activity of a low-clearance liposomal amikacin in pulmonary tuberculosisP R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
J Antimicrob Chemother 48:877-80. 2001.... - Evaluation of young children in contact with adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a 30-month follow-upH Simon Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Western Cape Province, South Africa
Pediatrics 109:765-71. 2002..The Western Cape Province of South Africa, an area with a high tuberculosis (TB) incidence, where initial multidrug resistance (MDR) among adult TB cases was 1.1% during 1992-1993... - Tuberculous meningitisPeter R Donald
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
N Engl J Med 351:1719-20. 2004 - The early bactericidal activities of rifampin and rifapentine in pulmonary tuberculosisFrik A Sirgel
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:128-35. 2005..From consideration of the pulse size and the duration of the postantibiotic lag, a 1,200-mg dose of rifapentine seemed necessary to improve response and to prevent regrowth between doses, and hence rifamycin monoresistance... - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children hospitalised with tuberculosisHeleen J Blussé van Oud-Alblas
Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Ann Trop Paediatr 22:115-23. 2002..Two (2%) non-HIV-infected children, six (17%) HIV-infected children and one (1%) child with undetermined HIV status died (p < 0.001)... - Clinical features and outcome in children admitted to a TB hospital in the Western Cape--the influence of HIV infection and drug resistanceMarije Soeters
Utrecht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
S Afr Med J 95:602-6. 2005..CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is common in children with TB and malnutrition, and mortality in this group is high. Repeat Mantoux tests may show an increased number of positive results... - Low serum concentrations of anti-tuberculosis agents: do they matter?Peter R Donald
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11:937. 2007 - Childhood tuberculosis: the hidden epidemicPeter R Donald
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:627-9. 2004 - The early bactericidal activity of anti-tuberculosis agentsPeter R Donald
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:591. 2006 - Ensuring the involvement of children in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimensWilliam J Burman
PLoS Med 5:e176. 2008 - Tuberculous encephalopathy: a reappraisalG Alistair Lammie
Department of Pathology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Acta Neuropathol 113:227-34. 2007..We propose that tuberculosis is one of many infections which may be associated with a range of immune, drug-related, hypoxic-ischaemic and toxic diffuse brain pathologies...