Research Topics
| Shabir A MadhiSummaryAffiliation: National Institute for Communicable Diseases Country: South Africa Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
The burden of childhood pneumonia in the developed world: a review of the literatureShabir A Madhi
Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 32:e119-27. 2013..Measured country-specific pneumonia burden data are limited to a few nations and differ in case definitions and case ascertainment methods. This review describes pneumonia disease burden in developed countries...- Efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in HIV-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trialShabir A Madhi
National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Centre for Respiratory and Meningitis Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa
AIDS 27:369-79. 2013..We evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of nonadjuvanted, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) against confirmed seasonal influenza virus illness in HIV-infected children... - Efficacy and immunogenicity of two or three dose rotavirus-vaccine regimen in South African children over two consecutive rotavirus-seasons: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialS A Madhi
National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of National Health Laboratory Services, Sandringham, South Africa
Vaccine 30:A44-51. 2012..This study reports on the efficacy of HRV against severe RVGE over two consecutive rotavirus seasons in South African children... 
Inferior quantitative and qualitative immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants with nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae during the primary series of immunizationShabir A Madhi
University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
Vaccine 29:6994-7001. 2011....- Utility of clinical parameters to identify HIV infection in infants below ten weeks of age in South Africa: a prospective cohort studyHeather B Jaspan
Children s Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Centre for Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
BMC Pediatr 11:104. 2011..Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were compiled using combinations of clinical findings... - An unusual pneumococcal sequence type is the predominant cause of serotype 3 invasive disease in South AfricaKedibone M Mothibeli
Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
J Clin Microbiol 48:184-91. 2010..We have therefore identified ST458 as predominating in South Africa, but with an invasive potential similar to that of the predominant global clone ST180... 
Immunogenicity and effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in HIV infected and uninfected African childrenShabir A Madhi
University of the Witwatersrand, Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, South Africa
Vaccine 23:5517-25. 2005..001). The estimated risk of HibCV failure was 35.1-fold greater (95% CI 14.6-84.6) amongst HIV infected than HIV uninfected children...- Usefulness of C-reactive protein to define pneumococcal conjugate vaccine efficacy in the prevention of pneumoniaShabir A Madhi
University of the Witwatersrand Medical Research Council National Institute of Communicable Diseases Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:30-6. 2006.... - The impact of antiretroviral treatment on the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in South African children: a time series analysisMarta C Nunes
Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit and Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
AIDS 25:453-62. 2011..A national antiretroviral program was initiated in South Africa in 2004. This study evaluates the impact of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment program on the burden of IPD among African children... - Quantitative and qualitative anamnestic immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children 5 years after vaccinationShabir A Madhi
Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
J Infect Dis 199:1168-76. 2009..e., previous vaccinees) and in those receiving their first dose of vaccine (i.e., control subjects)... - Effect of HIV infection status and anti-retroviral treatment on quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infantsShabir A Madhi
Department of Science National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
J Infect Dis 202:355-61. 2010..Nevertheless, M-/I- infants had superior OPA responses, compared with those in HIV+/ART+ infants, who in turn had better OPA responses, compared with those in HIV+/ART- infants... - Quantitative and qualitative antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among African human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected childrenShabir A Madhi
National Institute of Communicable Diseases/University of the Witwatersrand/Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:410-6. 2005..0005). CONCLUSION: HIV-infected children have similar quantitative antibody responses but poorer qualitative antibody responses to the PnCV... - Serotype 6C is associated with penicillin-susceptible meningeal infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults among invasive pneumococcal isolates previously identified as serotype 6A in South AfricaMignon du Plessis
National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa
Int J Antimicrob Agents 32:S66-70. 2008..Our data from the vaccine efficacy trial suggest that cross-protection of the conjugate vaccine is against true serotype 6A strains... - The impact of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the public health burden of pneumonia in HIV-infected and -uninfected childrenShabir A Madhi
National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 40:1511-8. 2005..Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCV) may be used as a probe to define the burden of pneumococcal disease and better characterize the clinical presentation of pneumococcal pneumonia... - Use of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein to evaluate vaccine efficacy against pneumoniaShabir A Madhi
National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
PLoS Med 2:e38. 2005..The poor specificity of chest radiographs (CXRs) to diagnose pneumococcal pneumonia may underestimate the efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia... - Persistent high burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in South African HIV-infected adults in the era of an antiretroviral treatment programMarta C Nunes
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
PLoS ONE 6:e27929. 2011..The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in IPD hospitalizations in HIV-infected adults in Soweto, South Africa, associated with up-scaling of the HAART program from 2003 to 2008... - A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infectionKeith P Klugman
Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
N Engl J Med 349:1341-8. 2003..We evaluated the efficacy of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a randomized, double-blind study in Soweto, South Africa... - Evolutionary dynamics of 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 in South Africa during 2009-2010Marietjie Venter
National Institute for Communicable Diseases Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Johannesburg, South Africa
J Infect Dis 206:S166-72. 2012.... - Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b ten years after routine vaccination, South Africa, 2003-2009Anne Von Gottberg
National Institute for Communicable Diseases NICD of the National Health Laboratory Service NHLS, Johannesburg, South Africa
Vaccine 30:565-71. 2012..Following initial declines in Hib disease, national surveillance has identified increasing numbers of Hib disease episodes in fully vaccinated children... - Distribution of pilus islands of group B streptococcus associated with maternal colonization and invasive disease in South AfricaMashudu Madzivhandila
1Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
J Med Microbiol 62:249-53. 2013..6 % of colonizing and 96.5 % of invasive isolates. Based on this homogeneity of pilus island distribution, a pilus-based vaccine developed for Europe and the USA will have similar coverage in South Africa... - Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the public immunization program in South Africa: translating research into policyShabir A Madhi
National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
Vaccine 30:C21-7. 2012..This schedule was largely premised on containing the cost of vaccine introduction, whilst including a booster dose of PCV to assist in prolonging the duration of protection in HIV-infected children... - Maternal HIV infection and vertical transmission of pathogenic bacteriaClare L Cutland
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa
Pediatrics 130:e581-90. 2012..HIV-exposed newborns may be at higher risk of sepsis because of immune system aberrations, impaired maternal antibody transfer and altered exposure to pathogenic bacteria... - Apnea and its possible relationship to immunization in ex-premature infantsPeter A Cooper
Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Vaccine 26:3410-3. 2008..More of the VLBW infants in the apnea group had neonatal neurological complications compared with the VLBW control group (p=0.005). Ten of 11 children with apnea within 72 h of immunization were possibly related to vaccination... - Importance of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in an African settingShabir A Madhi
Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Bertsham, South Africa
Trop Med Int Health 9:491-8. 2004..To define the importance of nosocomial-acquired respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in an area with a high prevalence of paediatric HIV-1 infection... - Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infantsAvy Violari
Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
N Engl J Med 359:2233-44. 2008..We investigated antiretroviral-treatment strategies in the Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy (CHER) trial... - Lessons learned from clinical trials evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine efficacy against pneumonia and invasive diseaseShabir A Madhi
University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Science and Technology, South Africa
Vaccine 26:B9-B15. 2008..The article concludes with a discussion of the potential value of C-reactive protein as an adjunctive marker in measuring PCV efficacy against non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia... - Respiratory viral coinfections identified by a 10-plex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness--South Africa, 2009-2010Marthi A Pretorius
National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
J Infect Dis 206:S159-65. 2012.... - Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected individualsMarta C Nunes
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Hum Vaccin Immunother 8:161-73. 2012..PCV has also been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent IPD by 74% in HIV-infected adults not on ART, albeit, also with subsequent decline in immunity and protection... - Five-year cohort study on the burden of hospitalisation for acute diarrhoeal disease in African HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children: potential benefits of rotavirus vaccineMichelle J Groome
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Vaccine 30:A173-8. 2012..Rotavirus contributes significantly to childhood diarrhoea in South Africa but data on the burden of rotavirus disease in HIV-infected children are limited... - Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea in African infantsShabir A Madhi
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
N Engl J Med 362:289-98. 2010..Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis among young children worldwide. Data are needed to assess the efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine in African children... - Human metapneumovirus genetic variability, South AfricaHerbert P Ludewick
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Emerg Infect Dis 11:1074-8. 2005..4%-27.6% at the amino acid level. These results provide evidence for the diversity of both surface glycoproteins of hMPV in Africa, which may be a prerequisite to understanding protective immunity against hMPV... - Human metapneumovirus-associated lower respiratory tract infections among hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected and HIV-1-uninfected African infantsShabir A Madhi
National Institute for Communicable Diseases University of the Witwatersrand Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 37:1705-10. 2003..1-fold more common than parainfluenza virus types 1-3. Genotyping of 7 of 14 isolates revealed the circulation of 2 major phylogenetic groups of the virus, which were similar to those described in North America and Europe... - Oral antibiotics for the treatment of severe pneumonia in childrenKeith P Klugman
Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
Lancet 364:1104-5. 2004 - Primary isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-exposed childrenShabir A Madhi
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases and the Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
N Engl J Med 365:21-31. 2011..We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of preexposure isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-infected children and uninfected children exposed to HIV during the perinatal period... - Immunogenicity following the first and second doses of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected and -uninfected infantsShabir A Madhi
National Institute for Communicable Diseases Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Sandringham, South Africa University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Science National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa Electronic address
Vaccine 31:777-83. 2013..We studied antibody kinetics of serotypes included in 7-valent PCV in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected infants prior to and following each of three PCV-doses... - Reduced effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in children with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectionShabir A Madhi
NHLS/Wits/MRC Pneumococcal Diseases Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:315-21. 2002.... - Serotype distribution and invasive potential of group B streptococcus isolates causing disease in infants and colonizing maternal-newborn dyadsMashudu Madzivhandila
Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
PLoS ONE 6:e17861. 2011..An understanding of the serotype epidemiology associated with maternal colonization and invasive disease in infants is necessary to determine the potential coverage of serotype-specific GBS vaccines... - Lower respiratory tract infections associated with influenza A and B viruses in an area with a high prevalence of pediatric human immunodeficiency type 1 infectionShabir A Madhi
University of the Witwatersrand/Medical Research Council Pneumococcal Diseases Rearch Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:291-7. 2002..CONCLUSION: HIV-1-infected children hospitalized with severe LRTI associated with influenza virus have an outcome similar to that of HIV-1-uninfected children even in the absence of antiretroviral or anti-influenza virus treatment... - Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in hospitalization for acute community-acquired pneumonia associated with culture-confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children: a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine probe studyDavid P Moore
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 29:1099-04. 2010..We aimed to probe the extent of pneumococcal coinfection in children with PTB, using a vaccine-probe design study... - Vaccines to prevent pneumonia and improve child survivalShabir A Madhi
Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Chris Hani Baragwanth Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Bertsham, South Africa
Bull World Health Organ 86:365-72. 2008..In this review, we discuss advances made in optimizing the use of established vaccines and the potential issues related to newer bacterial conjugate vaccines in reducing childhood pneumonia morbidity and mortality... - The discriminative value of C-reactive protein levels in distinguishing between community-acquired bacteraemic and respiratory virus-associated lower respiratory tract infections in HIV-1-infected and -uninfected childrenSanjay G Lala
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Ann Trop Paediatr 22:271-9. 2002.... - Ineffectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and the importance of bacterial and viral coinfections in African children with Pneumocystis carinii pneumoniaShabir A Madhi
National Health Laboratory Service University of the Witwatersrand Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 35:1120-6. 2002..Concurrent P. carinii infection was observed in 6 of 18, 11 of 26, and 4 of 6 HIV-1-infected children who had bacteremia, a respiratory virus isolated, or Mycobacterium species isolated, respectively... - Immunogenicity and safety of an investigational fully liquid hexavalent combination vaccine versus licensed combination vaccines at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age in healthy South African infantsShabir A Madhi
Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 30:e68-74. 2011..Assessment of primary vaccination of a new fully liquid, hexavalent investigational DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T vaccine (Hexaxim) in South African infants... - Systematic review on the etiology and antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected childrenWarunee Punpanich
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Pediatr Infect Dis J 30:e192-202. 2011..Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children... - Influenza-related mortality among adults aged 25-54 years with AIDS in South Africa and the United States of AmericaCheryl Cohen
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 55:996-1003. 2012..We compared influenza-related mortality in adults with AIDS in South Africa and the United States in the pre-HAART era and evaluated mortality trends after HAART introduction in the United States... - High burden of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae disease in South African infantsShabir A Madhi
NHLS Wits MRC Pneumococcal Diseases Research Unit, University of the Witswaterand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Ann Trop Paediatr 23:15-23. 2003..9% and 100% of invasive disease, respectively. Invasive GBS disease is common in South African infants and current strategies aimed at reducing the burden of the disease should be reconsidered... - High prevalence of childhood multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross sectional studyLee Fairlie
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 6 York Street, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
BMC Infect Dis 11:28. 2011..6-6.7%, in African children with tuberculosis. We undertook a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of MDR-TB in children with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) at two hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa... - Review of a new fully liquid, hexavalent vaccine: HexaximMarta C Nunes
University of Witwatersrand, Department of Science and Technology Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
Expert Opin Biol Ther 13:575-93. 2013..Nevertheless, the development of such combination vaccines remains necessary to help with the introduction of other new vaccines into an already crowded childhood immunization schedules... - The high burden of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in African HIV-1-infected children hospitalized for severe pneumoniaDonatella D Ruffini
Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
AIDS 16:105-12. 2002..CONCLUSION: Strategies to reduce the high burden of PCP, which can successfully be diagnosed using NPA and induced sputum, in HIV-1-infected children hospitalized with severe pneumonia are urgently warranted in Africa... - Interaction between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in severe pneumoniaShabir A Madhi
Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and MRC Wits Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa and Old Potch Road, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, RMPRU New Nurses Residence, 1st Floor West Wing, Bertsham, 2013, South Africa
Expert Rev Respir Med 2:663-72. 2008....