Ajit Sodhi

..These observations suggest that p42/44 MAPK activation is one of the essential signaling events triggered by Talpha1 and may be responsible for the in vitro activation of BMDMs...

..Their protective antigen-binding ability was drastically reduced. We propose that Asp187 and Phe190 are crucial for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity...

..The data suggests the involvement of p42/44, p38 and JNK MAPK pathway and subsequent induction of c-fos and c-jun in the signal transduction process leading to the activation of macrophages exposed to UVB...

..These results suggest that activation of p38 MAPK upstream of caspases might play an important role in the apoptotic process of macrophages exposed to UV-B irradiation...

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..The inhibition in the expression of these signaling molecules has been correlated to the inhibition of TNF-alpha and NO production in macrophages...

..Significantly increased transcription of TLR5 was observed in macrophages treated with rF1, while the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 remained unaffected...

..It is, therefore, suggested that activation of PKCdelta might play an important role in the UV-B-induced apoptosis and that specific activated isoforms of PKC may have distinct functions in cell death...

..It is further shown that p38 MAP kinase, STAT3 and NF-kappaB could play a differential regulatory role in PRL or GH induced production of cytokines by macrophages...

..The data, therefore, suggests a possible role of IL-10 in rLcrV and rYopB mediated inhibition of LPS-induced production of IL-1beta in macrophages...

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..The addition of excess L-arginine (2mM) reversed the L-NMMA induced inhibition of NO production and L929 cell cytotoxicity...

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..The results suggest that treatment of macrophages with Con A renders them more susceptible to subsequent activation and induction of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production by different TLR ligands...

..These observations clearly suggest the involvement of PKC-delta/Ca++/p42-44 MAP kinase cascade in PRL induced activation of murine peritoneal macrophages...

..The role of protein phosphatases in the above pathway has been suggested using the specific inhibitors of these phosphatases, i.e., okadaic acid and sodium orthovanadate...

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..Taken together, these data suggest the involvement of the p42/44 MAPK/c-Jun pathway in the signal transduction process, leading to activation of murine peritoneal macrophages...

..Our data suggests a possible role of IL-10 and TLR2 in rLcrV and rYopB mediated inhibition of macrophage function...

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..Taken together, the data suggests the involvement of JNK MAPK/NF-kB pathway in rF1-induced activation of macrophages...

..The data thus suggests that pretreatment of macrophages with cisplatin makes them biologically more responsive to interaction with L929 cells and become activated...

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..These results suggest that JAK2 plays a central role in mediating proinflammatory responses of macrophages on GH treatment...

..It was also observed that p38 is activated after 12 h of PHA treatment. Pharmacologic inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, genistein down-regulated the PHA-induced activation of p42/44 and JNK...

..AG490, inhibitor of JAK2, down-regulated transcription factors c-jun and STAT1 and inhibited the PRL-induced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-12p40 production in macrophages...

..These observations suggest that PGN induces enhanced expression of iNOS and NO production through activation of protein tyrosine kinases and PKCdelta, which in turn initiates NF-kappaB activation and translocation to nucleus...

..It is proposed that the pharmacological reagents like cisplatin can be used to manipulate the innate immune responses, which may be effectively used for the development of novel therapeutic approaches...

..Using different combinations of MAPK inhibitors, it was found that 45% signal is conveyed via p42/44 and 25% via p38 in the production of these cytokines, by ConA treated macrophages while 30% signal passes through unidentified pathways...

..These results provide insight into how these pathways could be modulated in inflammatory diseases...

..Experiments with pharmacological inhibitors suggest a possible role of PKC in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of macrophages...

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..Similarly, there is no autocrine or paracrine effect of TNF-alpha on GH or PRL induced NO production and iNOS expression...

..The induction of apoptosis in L929 cells was investigated by DNA fragmentation, Annexin V staining and Western blot analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, Bid, cytochrome c, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase, CAD, caspase-8 and caspase-3...

..Adaptor molecule MyD88, CD11b, and MHC-I expression did not modulate upon treatment with rLcrV...

..The data also provides the relative measure and importance of different key signaling molecules in the regulation of NO production by macrophages on activation...

..However, it had no effect on procaspase-8 activation. These results indicate that activation of JNK MAPK upstream of caspases might play an important role in the apoptotic process of macrophages exposed to UVB irradiation...

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..MIP has been shown to provide clinical improvement in all phases of leprosy and used for treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis...

..These results demonstrate that Nod2 and TLR2/1 signaling pathways are independent and do not interact at the level of MAPK or NF-κB activation...

..The present observations suggest that Talpha1 can positively modulate the haematopoietic functions of normal murine BMCs, in addition to its myelorestorative role in tumour-bearing mice showing suppressed myelopoiesis...

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..However, further studies should clarify whether additional TLR-dependent or -independent pathways also exist in regulating the full spectrum of MIP action on macrophage activation...

..These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity...

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..Thus our data suggests that optimal dose of UVB (50 mJ/cm(2)) induces HMGB1 upregulation and active release from mouse peritoneal MΦs which is mediated by caspase-1 in a Ca(2+) dependent manner...

..These findings indicate that P35 inhibits NO-induced apoptotic cell death of activated macrophages by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c release, which suggests that P35 has targets upstream of the caspase cascade in apoptosis...