S Podnar

..4/1.5 per million, and period prevalence of 8.9/4.5 per 100,000 population were calculated. The values obtained are probably valid estimates of the incidence and prevalence of these lesions in developed countries...

..However, patients with bladder-emptying difficulties and perineal sensory loss seem to be the most suitable candidates for testing...

..Only two patients had received medical attention for bowel dysfunction. Study thus demonstrated significant bowel impairment in patients with lesions of the cauda equina, which has received insufficient medical attention...

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..To test clinical observations that the penilo-cavernosus reflex is much more difficult to elicit in circumcised men...

..Although the technique of detrusor EMG has been recently described in humans, a clinically useful test for evaluating the sacral parasympathetic system, which is crucial for LUT functioning, is still lacking...

..To determine normative values for the penilo-cavernosus reflex on single and double pulse electrical, and mechanical stimulation...

..The study demonstrated a high sensitivity of multi-MUP analysis in FSHD. Myopathic abnormalities were demonstrated in all weak biceps brachii muscles, and in 77% of biceps brachii muscles with normal strength...

..To report for the first time occurrence of obstructed voiding due to excessive activity of the urethral sphincter (US) muscle in two sisters with polycystic ovaries (Fowler's syndrome)...

..Data on lower urinary tract (LUT) function obtained in larger, systematically studied populations of patients with cauda equina lesions are limited. We report urinary function in 65 patients with chronic lesions...

..The aim of the present study was to determine the as yet unestablished potential contribution of sacral reflex testing to the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected neuropathic sacral lesions...

..The aim of the present study was to determine the most sensitive stimulation technique used for neurophysiologic recording of the penilo-cavernosus reflex...

..We found diaphragmatic quantitative MUP analysis to be possible in healthy volunteers. However, further studies in patient groups are needed to establish the feasibility and clinical value of such studies...

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..Neurophysiologic testing of the sacral reflex has demonstrated utility in the diagnosis of sacral lower motor neuron lesions. The aim of the present study was to also apply this test to patients with upper motor neuron lesions...

..In this study, this approach was assessed by comparing the reproducibility of data sets obtained by the same and different laboratories...

..g. the use of a high-speed drill instead of a Kerrison rongeur in patients with severe spinal stenosis), or prevented by closer postoperative monitoring (e.g. in patients with postoperative lumbar epidural haematoma)...

..e., the negative predictive value) is the most important. For motor unit potential (MUP) analysis no such data has been published; hence this was the aim of this study...

..To determine the predictive values and specificity of clinical and neurophysiologic testing of the penilo-cavernosus reflex...

..Nonparametric reference intervals were narrower than parametric intervals, which resulted in slightly higher sensitivities when combined with outlier limits (e.g., thickness=86% and 83%, respectively)...

..However, it has not been established whether a single test or both tests are necessary in individual patients. The present study aimed to clarify this dilemma...

..However, the outlier criteria applied have been arbitrarily chosen. The aim of the present study was to determine the most useful outlier criteria in motor unit potential (MUP) analysis...

..In standard EMG recordings, motor unit potentials (MUPs) of the later seem to be of higher amplitudes. A quantitative EMG study was performed to assess possible consequences of sampling MUPs at different levels of sphincter activation...

..Reduced number of MUP parameters is expected to simplify MUP analysis and increase its specificity...

..Stronger activation of EAS does not improve discrimination between neuropathic and normal MUPs. New EMG techniques for sampling sphincter MUPs at higher activation levels would seem not to yield additional information...

..The normative data presented for the EAS muscle should improve and promote quantitative EMG in patients...

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..The combination of MUP parameters improves the diagnostic yield of MUP analysis, but the influence on specificity remains unknown...

..This is the first such patient reported in Europe. The aetiology remained unclear. We suggest that selective axonal motor fibre affection, with possible mild pyramidal involvement, caused tendon jerk hyperreflexia...

..Our results suggest that mild chronic constipation does not cause damage to the EAS innervation, and that no separate reference values are needed for this group of subjects...

..Our study casts some doubt on the commonly accepted preconception that significant damage to peripheral innervation of the EAS occurs even during uncomplicated deliveries...

..As far as MUP and IP characteristics are concerned, the whole EAS can be considered as one muscle, but some differences in patterns of activation of MUs may exist in different regions...

..The aim of the present study was to develop a reliable, quantitative measure of continuous sphincter muscle activity during relaxation...

..At least in diagnostic EMG of MSA patients, late components should be included in the measurement of MUP duration...

..However, no normative data and estimate of sensitivity have been published...

..The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that information obtained by bilateral examination of the EAS muscle outweighs inconvenience due to additional needle insertions...

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..Thus, examination of the deeper EAS muscle did not increase the sensitivity of MUP analysis significantly, and did not seem clinically necessary...

..We propose electrodiagnostic examination mainly of patients with unequivocal clinical signs of a peripheral nervous system lesion and of patients with typical symptoms of the carpal tunnel syndrome...

..Our results demonstrated a substantial increase in sensitivity by increasing the MUP sample to more than 20. This option deserves consideration in an attempt to improve the usefulness of quantitative EMG...

..To investigate the effects of cauda equina lesions on sexual function in men...

..Introduction of the diagnostic categories of "possible," "probable," and "definite" neuropathic abnormalities into quantitative electromyographic analysis is proposed...

..4 mVms (lower). We suggest a slight modification of the generally used position for phrenic nerve stimulation, and the use of M-wave latency and area (unaffected by the respiratory cycle) in future phrenic nerve conduction studies...

..The aim of our study was to establish normative data in a sufficiently large group of healthy subjects, using a rigorously standardized examination technique...

..Recently, 'irregularity coefficient' (IR), measuring the length of the MUP curve normalized with its amplitude, has been introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate IR in the external anal sphincter muscle...

..Additionally, MST was shown to be a sensitive measure of cognitive impairment, providing an important insight into cognitive processes relevant for patients' daily living...

..Studies in other patient populations are needed...