Personality disorders in DSM-5Andrew E Skodol
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
Annu Rev Clin Psychol 8:317-44. 2012
..Work Group members have labored to improve the DSM-5 approach to personality and PDs to make the classification more valid and more clinically useful. The current model continues to be a work in progress...
- Proposed changes in personality and personality disorder assessment and diagnosis for DSM-5 Part I: Description and rationale
Andrew E Skodol
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, USA
Personal Disord 2:4-22. 2011
..In Part II, we will illustrate the clinical application of the model with vignettes of patients with varying degrees of personality psychopathology, to show how assessments might be conducted and diagnoses reached...
- Proposed changes in personality and personality disorder assessment and diagnosis for DSM-5 Part II: Clinical application
Andrew E Skodol
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, USA
Personal Disord 2:23-40. 2011
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- Personality disorder types proposed for DSM-5
Andrew E Skodol
University of Arizona College of Medicine and Sunbelt Collaborative, 6340 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
J Pers Disord 25:136-69. 2011
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Relationship of personality disorders to the course of major depressive disorder in a nationally representative sampleAndrew E Skodol
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
Am J Psychiatry 168:257-64. 2011
..The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of specific personality disorder comorbidity on the course of major depressive disorder in a nationally representative sample...
- Personality disorders and mood disorders: perspectives on diagnosis and classification from studies of longitudinal course and familial associations
Andrew E Skodol
Sunbelt Collaborative, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
J Pers Disord 24:83-108. 2010
..Again, underlying personality traits may prove to be more heritable than either type of disorder...
- Effects of personality disorders on functioning and well-being in major depressive disorder
Andrew E Skodol
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
J Psychiatr Pract 11:363-8. 2005
..CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring PDs contribute significantly to impairment in social and emotional functioning and reduced well-being in patients with MDD...
Dimensional representations of DSM-IV personality disorders: relationships to functional impairmentAndrew E Skodol
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 129, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
Am J Psychiatry 162:1919-25. 2005
..This study compared three-dimensional representations of DSM-IV personality disorders and standard categories with respect to their associations with psychosocial functioning...
- The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS): overview and implications
Andrew E Skodol
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY 10032, USA
J Pers Disord 19:487-504. 2005
..Taken together, our results lead us to hypothesize that PDs may be reconceptualized as hybrids of stable personality traits and intermittently expressed symptomatic behaviors...
- Personality disorders predict relapse after remission from an episode of major depressive disorder: a 6-year prospective study
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 71:1629-35. 2010
..To examine prospectively the course of major depressive disorder (MDD) and to test for the moderating effects of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity on relapse after remission from an episode of MDD...
- Two-year prospective naturalistic study of remission from major depressive disorder as a function of personality disorder comorbidity
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
J Consult Clin Psychol 73:78-85. 2005
..These PDs emerged as robust predictors of slowed remission from MDD even when controlling for other negative prognostic predictors...
- Prospective assessment of treatment use by patients with personality disorders
Donna S Bender
Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10032, USA
Psychiatr Serv 57:254-7. 2006
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- The impact of comorbid dysthymic disorder on outcome in personality disorders
David J Hellerstein
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
Compr Psychiatry 51:449-57. 2010
..The goal of our study was to investigate the impact of dysthymic disorder (DD), a form of chronic depression, on naturalistic outcome in individuals with personality disorders (PDs)...
- Two-year stability and change of schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
J Consult Clin Psychol 72:767-75. 2004
..Dimensionally, these findings suggest that PDs may be characterized by maladaptive trait constellations that are stable in their structure (individual differences) but can change in severity or expression over time...
- Stability of functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder over two years
Andrew E Skodol
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Psychol Med 35:443-51. 2005
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- Ethnicity and four personality disorders
Denise A Chavira
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Compr Psychiatry 44:483-91. 2003
..The factors contributing to these differences warrant further investigation...
- Comorbid Axis I and Axis II disorders in early adolescence: outcomes 20 years later
Thomas N Crawford
Children in the Community Study, 100 Haven Ave, Ste 31F, New York, NY 10032, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:641-8. 2008
..Although Axis II personality disorders in adolescence have been linked to psychopathology and psychosocial impairment in early adulthood, little is known about their effects over longer periods...
- Stressful life events predict eating disorder relapse following remission: six-year prospective outcomes
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Int J Eat Disord 45:185-92. 2012
..To examine prospectively the natural course of bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not-otherwise-specified (EDNOS) and test for the effects of stressful life events (SLE) on relapse after remission from these eating disorders...
- Cumulative prevalence of personality disorders between adolescence and adulthood
Jeffrey G Johnson
Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Acta Psychiatr Scand 118:410-3. 2008
..To investigate the cumulative prevalence of personality disorder (PD) among adults in the community, based on prospective longitudinal data from a series of psychiatric interviews...
- Positive childhood experiences: resilience and recovery from personality disorder in early adulthood
Andrew E Skodol
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 68:1102-8. 2007
..The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between positive childhood experiences related to resiliency and remission from personality disorder...
- The impact of NEO PI-R gender norms on the assessment of personality disorder profiles
Douglas B Samuel
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
Psychol Assess 22:539-45. 2010
..Ramifications of this finding for personality research and clinical assessment are discussed...
- Traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders: findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study
Shirley Yen
Department of Psychiatry, Brown University Medical School, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 190:510-8. 2002
..In addition, they support an association between severity of PD and severity of traumatic exposure, as indicated by earlier trauma onset, trauma of an assaultive and personal nature, and more types of traumatic events...
- Longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder: a 2-year prospective study
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Can J Psychiatry 52:357-62. 2007
..To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD)...
- Do eating disorders co-occur with personality disorders? Comparison groups matter
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
Int J Eat Disord 33:155-64. 2003
..The eating disorders met criteria outlined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)...
- The natural course of bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified is not influenced by personality disorders
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
Int J Eat Disord 34:319-30. 2003
..To examine prospectively the natural course of bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and to test the effects of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity on the outcomes...
- Longitudinal comparison of depressive personality disorder and dysthymic disorder
John C Markowitz
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Compr Psychiatry 46:239-45. 2005
..The authors attempted to replicate findings of Klein and Shih in longitudinally followed patients with personality disorder or major depressive disorder (MDD) in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study...
- Natural course of bulimia nervosa and of eating disorder not otherwise specified: 5-year prospective study of remissions, relapses, and the effects of personality disorder psychopathology
Carlos M Grilo
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06519, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 68:738-46. 2007
..To examine prospectively the natural course of bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and to test for the effects of personality disorder psychopathology on remission and relapse...
- Toward a model for assessing level of personality functioning in DSM-5, part I: a review of theory and methods
Donna S Bender
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, USA
J Pers Assess 93:332-46. 2011
..The resulting version of this severity measure is expected to have clinical utility in identifying personality psychopathology, planning treatment, building the therapeutic alliance, and studying treatment course and outcome...
- Comparison of attachment styles in borderline personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Cindy J Aaronson
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
Psychiatr Q 77:69-80. 2006
..The findings may be relevant for understanding the core interpersonal psychopathology of BPD and for managing therapeutic relationships with these patients...
- Borderline personality as a self-other representational disturbance
Donna S Bender
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
J Pers Disord 21:500-17. 2007
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- Clinical utility of five dimensional systems for personality diagnosis: a "consumer preference" study
Robert L Spitzer
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 196:356-74. 2008
..A prototype matching approach to personality diagnosis deserves consideration for DSM-V...
- The borderline diagnosis II: biology, genetics, and clinical course
Andrew E Skodol
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
Biol Psychiatry 51:951-63. 2002
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- Adverse outcomes associated with personality disorder not otherwise specified in a community sample
Jeffrey G Johnson
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 60, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
Am J Psychiatry 162:1926-32. 2005
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- Interpersonal psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: possible mechanisms of change
John C Markowitz
Department of Personality Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY10032, USA
J Clin Psychol 62:431-44. 2006
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- Representations of therapists by patients with personality disorders
Donna S Bender
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, USA
Am J Psychother 57:219-36. 2003
..The importance of understanding the internal dynamics of patients' thoughts about their treatment relationship was underscored...
- The borderline diagnosis I: psychopathology, comorbidity, and personality structure
Andrew E Skodol
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
Biol Psychiatry 51:936-50. 2002
..Although there are a number of competing models of personality structure, they have remarkable convergence on a set of three to five basic personality dimensions...
- Why are women diagnosed borderline more than men?
Andrew E Skodol
Department of Personality Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 121, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
Psychiatr Q 74:349-60. 2003
..Biological and sociocultural factors provide potentially illuminating hypotheses, should the true prevalence of BPD differ by gender...
