P H Tan

..Although activation of the MEK-MAPK is often associated with cellular growth, the role of MEK-MAPK in growth and survival of hepatocarcinoma cells has not been established...

..Although positive p53 stromal immunohistochemical detection may corroborate histologic malignancy, it is CD117 protein expression in phyllodes tumor stromal cells that may be of potential utility in predicting recurrent disease...

..8%, 94.3%, and 86.8%, respectively. CK immunohistochemistry can aid in evaluating papillary breast lesions. 34betaE12 does not appear as useful in identifying papillary DCIS...

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..The association with neuroendocrine differentiation was also investigated...

..Differential regulation of these genes, especially bcl2, may contribute to the biological nature of clinically more aggressive and highly proliferative breast cancers...

..To assess inter/intraobserver variability in the interpretation of a series of digitised images of columnar cell lesions (CCLs) of the breast...

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..Mutations of the HRPT2 gene are common in parathyroid carcinomas, and these exhibit reduced protein expression. Parafibromin expression in breast cancer has not been previously studied...

..Correlation with follow-up open excision specimens was made...

..In difficult cases, careful pathological assessment, clinicopathological correlation and follow-up or complete excision biopsy may prove invaluable in establishing a definitive diagnosis...

..In addition to these lesions with abundant extracellular mucin, there are also conditions that feature stromal mucinous or myxoid material, as well as rare entities that demonstrate both epithelial extracellular and stromal mucin...

..Other modes of treatment have been advocated but the efficacy for invasive disease is low. The key to successful control of the disease is therefore a high index of suspicion and early diagnosis...

..A trend for radiologic crushed stone-like and casting-type calcifications to be associated with DCIS with necrosis and of higher nuclear grade was noted. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 231-236 (2000)...

..We conclude that elective nephron-sparing surgery is feasible, even for massive angiomyolipoma or after previous rupture, especially when the diagnosis is made by preoperative imaging and/or intraoperative frozen section...

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..The patient remained free of complications for the last five years after surgery. Leiomyomatosis-like LAM of the large bowel probably represents another manifestation of the tendency of TSC to be associated with proliferative lesions...

..CONCLUSION: Although our FNAC results compared relatively well with international standards, they reflect a small cohort, and may face additional difficulties in a larger programme...

..01). No similar relationship was found between pathologic parameters and feret ratio or circle, indicating that nuclear roundness or lack of it did not factor as a significant component in the pathologic assessment...

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..To compare the diagnostic performance of breast elastography versus conventional ultrasound in the assessment of breast lesions...

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..Worldwide, the prevalence of focal sclerosing glomerulosclerosis continues to increase in many countries...

..Chromosomal abnormalities in clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, and TCC did not differ between the Southeast Asian and Western populations. The aberrations seem to be common sporadic events, both geographically and racially...

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..Taken together, the 5'UTRs of OKL38 might play an important role in downregulation of its protein and the absence of OKL38 could lead to the development or progression of HCC...

..We describe a 63-year-old woman with adenoid cystic carcinoma detected on mammography in our national breast screening programme, the radiological findings at presentation, the surgical management and a review of the literature...

..One of the rare complications is that of involvement of the lymph nodes and vascular spread via the inferior vena cava. We review the available literature and present a case of invasive AML with fat embolism...

..3% and 51.7% respectively. The 7 women who died of disease during follow-up had malignant phyllodes tumor at the outset and experienced recurrences, and death was preceded by distant metastases...

..Although rare, this case highlights the importance of careful examination of eosinophilic abscess with granulomatous inflammation in order to exclude an underlying neoplasm...

..Whether these genes are involved in the pathogenesis of type AB thymoma remain to be clarified and it is currently unclear if cytogenetic studies may eventually play a role in the classification of thymic tumors...

..Among our Chinese population, the risk of developing breast cancer increased by 90 % for those with a combination of 6 or more risk alleles, compared to patients with ≤3 risk alleles...

..Another interesting finding in this case is the presence of spheroids of amyloid, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported at this site, and is also unusual at other sites...

..Our aim was to determine the feasibility of detecting the sentinel node in a teaching hospital and whether the sentinel node accurately predicts the axillary status...

..Its multiplicity, recurrence, and association with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) suggest possible malignant potential, leading to conflicting clinical conclusions regarding the need for surveillance...

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..TREATMENT: Renal oncocytoma carries a good prognosis. The use of NSS for synchronous bilateral renal masses is highlighted. CONCLUSION: NSS is recommended for renal oncocytoma wherever possible...

..OUTCOME: Recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider thyroglossal duct carcinomas as a differential diagnosis when evaluating anterior neck lumps...

..Immunoexpression for cerbB2, however, seems to correlate with a longer time to recurrence, which is an interesting finding that needs further investigation...

..503, 0.709, 0.551 respectively). In the absence of residual calcifications, the frequency of underestimation of carcinoma still occurred in 17%...

..A multidisciplinary approach and commitment to continual professional upgrading are key to surmounting the pathologic challenges brought about by breast screening...

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..We have provided in vitro evidence of the close association of PR with differentiation in breast cancer. It is likely that the Stat 5b protein may play a major role in progesterone-induced differentiation in breast cancer cells...

..There was no significant difference in FISH signal detection between the two different fixation protocols in the first two groups. In the third, no signal was detected in 4/6 cases fixed for an extended duration...

..Stromal 10E4 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, stromal p53, and MIB1 expression in proliferating cells, suggesting that heparan sulfate may participate in malignant tumor growth...

..024). YB-1 expression in breast cancer may be a potential marker of chemoresistance and could possibly aid in selection of the appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy regime for breast cancers...

..Morphologic features, as well as immunohistochemical stains (including stains for Ki-67, p53, and cytokeratin 20) and/or UroVysion FISH can help to distinguish inverted papilloma from urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern...

..The finding that MT 2A appears to be the main isoform associated with cell proliferation in invasive ductal breast cancer tissues, may have therapeutic implications...

..Our findings are in concert with reports that expression of basal cytokeratins and vimentin is correlated with adverse pathological parameters...

..The observations in this study are relevant to the development of novel approaches to metastatic breast cancer disease, and may herald the search for novel MT mutants and the elucidation of their biological roles...

..These data suggest that non-sulfated chondroitin is a potentially useful biomarker for prostate cancer, and may be involved in regulating prostate cancer behavior...

..4% and 0.2% over-segmentation and under-segmentation, respectively, while reconstruction-based method produced 4.4% and 1.1% over-segmentation and under-segmentation, respectively...

..In addition, metallothionein expression may have a potential role in protecting the breast cancer cell from chemotherapeutic threats to survival...

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..We also review the literature regarding this "novel" pathological entity and discuss critically its existence and its differential diagnoses...

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..Although several theories have been proposed about its origin, its exact histogenesis has remained uncertain...

..Although no value of EGFR expression in prognosis was found, our findings are likely to have implications in the design of clinical trials targeting the EGFR family of proteins in breast cancer...

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..We used quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to measure telomere length and UroVysion FISH to detect cytogenetic abnormalities in urinary bladder specimens with intestinal metaplasia...

..There was no significant difference in the detection of FISH signals between microwave oven and routinely fixed specimens...

..Generally, higher MT expression in breast cancers is predictive of worse patient outcomes. The relationship of MT isoforms to histological grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and prognosis will also be discussed...

..1). The findings indicate that GST-pi-positive tumors are more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis than do corresponding GST-pi-negative breast cancers...

..In a benign biopsy that fails to identify the calcifications visible in the mammography, further evaluation or cutting of the histologic block is recommended to minimize the potential of a false negative investigation...