M W Chee

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..Individual subjects showed differences in the activation of the inferior frontal region while performing the same task, even though they showed similar response latency and accuracy...

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..These findings suggest that the elderly have difficulty with simultaneous processing of objects and backgrounds that, in turn, could contribute to deficient contextual binding...

..These findings reveal for the first time some of the neural consequences of the interaction between efforts to maintain wakefulness and processes that initiate involuntary sleep in sleep-deprived persons...

..The review summarizes current knowledge about what fMRI has revealed regarding the neurobehavioral correlates of sleep deprivation and sleep-dependent memory consolidation...

..Although unequal bilinguals kept apace with equal bilinguals in the simple PWM task, the differential cortical activations suggest that more optimal engagement of PWM in the latter may correlate with better second-language attainment...

..This observation is consistent with a dual process account of episodic memory...

..Our findings provide neural correlates to explain why task performance in relatively more complex tasks is better preserved relative to simpler ones after SD...

..These findings suggest the specific brain regions where less commonly encountered words are processed in a manner that facilitates their subsequent recognition...

..Issues such as the lateralisation of language function, brain plasticity in health, ageing and neurological disease, and as well as how 2 different languages are processed, may all be evaluated by fMRI...

..This work should stimulate further research examining the role of subcortical areas in language processing and in context-appropriate language production...

..The detection of a frequency effect with the event-related design also suggests that stimulus-order predictability may not be as serious a concern in block designs as might be supposed...

..These findings suggest that with existing techniques, fMRI may be used to track changes in brain activation stemming from improvement in language proficiency at the group level but not at the individual level...

..Together, the experiments suggest that while the networks for Chinese and English word processing have shared components, there are also components that may be language specific...

..Proficient bilinguals exposed to both languages early in life utilize common neuroanatomical regions during the conceptual and syntactic processing of written language irrespective of their differences in surface features...

..A major contributor to performance degradation in SD appears to be a reduction in top-down biasing of attention that is independent of task difficulty...

..The results highlight the importance of taking into consideration nature of task and relative language proficiency when drawing inferences from functional imaging studies of bilinguals...

..In this study, we assessed the reproducibility of fMRI activation and performance on a working memory task before and after 24 hours of sleep deprivation (SD)...

..This may reflect stronger engagement of attention at encoding...

..Here, we evaluated the effects of SD on the top-down biasing of activation of ventral visual cortex and on functional connectivity between cognitive control and other brain regions...

..In contrast to recent findings, we found no significant activation for exact addition condition in left, language-related areas...

..Sleep deprivation may affect object-selective attention in addition to exerting a task-independent deficit in attention...

..These findings suggest that retrieval effort modulates left prefrontal activity when deliberate access to semantics is required...

..Cognitive function does not appear to be significantly compromised even though some psychometric test scores are asymmetric in favor of nonverbal performance when the reversal of lateralization of face and word memory is not complete...

..However, designs using intermediate ISI may be more appropriate if the expected difference in responses is small and if the number of suitable stimuli is limited...

..We determined if sleep deprivation would amplify the effect of negative emotional distracters on working memory...

..These results considerably strengthen the notion that exact processing relies on verbal and language-related networks, whereas approximate processing engages parietal circuits typically involved in magnitude-related processing...

..Using a gambling task, we investigated how 24 hours of sleep deprivation modulates the neural response to the making of risky decisions with potentially loss-bearing outcomes...

..These persons also showed a larger rise in such activation both here and in the right insula after sleep deprivation relative to those whose inhibitory efficiency declined...

..Cholinergic augmentation can alleviate these deficits in individuals vulnerable to the effects of sleep deprivation, but it may have neutral or negative effects on those resistant to sleep deprivation...

..We investigated if donepezil, a long-acting orally administered cholinesterase inhibitor, would reduce episodic memory deficits associated with 24 h of sleep deprivation...

..These associations were independent of age, sex, education and speed of processing and support the notion of functional differentiation along the long axis of the hippocampus...

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..These findings represent a step toward identifying how different brain regions exhibit varying vulnerability to the deleterious effects of SD on working memory...

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..In this study of first-episode schizophrenia patients, the authors evaluated the extent to which the two working memory processes are affected early in the course of schizophrenia...

..This suggests that high-performing elderly may compensate for the disruption of the cognitive control network by recruiting additional frontal resources to overcome cognitive control deficits that affect recognition memory...

..By comparing identical imaging hardware and software, we provide a benchmark for future multisite comparisons...

..These findings suggest that the two strategies are effected using similar processes but impose different attentional demands...

..The aberrant activation of endogenous pain inhibition appears to involve circuitry relating to anticipation as well as pain processing itself...