Ben Seymour

..This yields a neurobiological account of emotion in which it may operate, often covertly, to optimize rather than corrupt economic choice...

..Recent findings in neuroscience support both accounts, and implicate regions in the orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the construction of value...

..These data cast light on the neurobiological basis of choking under pressure and are consistent with overmotivation accounts...

..Our findings cast light on the neural dynamics of threat anticipation and have implications for the neurobiology of human anxiety-related disorders...

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..These data suggest that genetically mediated differences in prefrontal-amygdala interactions underpin interindividual differences in economic decision making...

..In this paper we test the hypothesis that movement time in PD can be modulated by the specific nature of the motivational salience of possible action-outcomes...

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..Thus, a VMPFC-hippocampal network provides for context-dependent recall of human extinction memory, consistent with a view that hippocampus confers context dependence on VMPFC...

..These data indicate that the brain uses perceptual novelty to approximate choice uncertainty in decision making, which in certain contexts gives rise to a newly identified and quantifiable source of human irrationality...

..We conclude that dopamine-dependent modulation of striatal activity can account for how the human brain uses reward prediction errors to improve future decisions...

..Our data indicate that, during decision making under risk, both behavior and the neural encoding of key decision variables are strongly influenced by the manner in which value information is presented...

..These results provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying human preference behavior...

..This finding highlights the importance of incorporating emotional processes within models of human choice and suggests how the brain may modulate the effect of these biasing influences to approximate rationality...

..Within the limitations of an experimental model of pain, we suggest that the findings are relevant to understanding both the neurobiology and pathophysiology of chronic pain and its amelioration by cognitive strategies...

..This dual coding has parallels to 'opponent process' theories in psychology and promotes a formal account of prediction and expectation during pain...

..Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we locate the potential site and source of this modulation of anticipatory anxiety in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate and anterolateral prefrontal cortex, respectively...

..Here, we review the proximate neurobiological basis of punishment, considering the motivational processes that underlie punishing actions...

..The misbehavior created by Pavlovian values can be quite debilitating; we discuss how it may be disciplined...

..We conclude that the results follow the dynamics of habit-formation models of economic theory, and thus, this study provides the first scientific basis for this type of preference modeling...

..Taken with existing data on reward learning, our results suggest a critical role for the ventral striatum in integrating complex appetitive and aversive predictions to coordinate behaviour...

..quot; We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy...

..Our data indicate that a central opioid system contributes to both reward and loss processing in humans and directly modulates the hedonic experience of outcomes...

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..These results demonstrate that brain regions known to be involved in other aspects of learning and memory also play a specific role, reflecting on each trial the acquisition and representation of contingency awareness...

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..Our data dovetails well with the animal literature and sheds light on the neural control of vigor...