V P Skulachev

..In line with this logic, some cases are already described when inhibition of apoptosis strongly improves the postischemic state of the organism...

..e., formation of useful substances, decomposition of unwanted substances, and antioxidant defense. Moreover, partial uncoupling might take part in optimization of the rate of ATP synthesis in aerobic cells...

....

..So, the infected cell and its neighbors (which are the most likely to be infected) are eliminated, thus blocking the spreading of the viral infection...

..On the other hand, a decrease in the life activity and a considerable increase in life span occurring in a nematode upon mutations inhibiting the CoQ biosynthesis (S. Hekimi) might serve as an example of a K --> r transition...

..3) The main respiratory chain losing its cytochrome c is inhibited in such a fashion that antimycin-like agents fail to stimulate ROS production...

....

..Another result of the long-lived pores is mitochondrial swelling. This disrupts the outer mitochondrial membrane and releases the apoptosis-inducing protein. Apoptosis eliminates ROS-producing cells (cell selection)...

..Therefore, they might be used to effectively prevent ROS-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane in vivo...

....

....

..SkQR1 also normalized renal erythropoietin level lowered after kidney ischemia/reperfusion and injection of a well-known nephrotoxic agent gentamicin...

..Treatment with SkQR1 also decreases gentamycin-induced hearing loss. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, such as SkQR1, are new promising agents for preventing negative consequences of therapy with antibiotics...

..e. disappearance of organs during ontogenesis...

..We conclude that beneficial effects of penetrating cation derivatives of rhodamine 19 in renal pathologies and brain ischemia may be at least partially explained by uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation...

....

..It is concluded that SkQ1H(2) operates as a ROS scavenger in both aqueous and lipid environments, being effective at preventing ROS-induced damage to membrane lipids as well as membrane-embedded peptides...

..SkQ1 was ineffective, most probably due to lower permeability of the blood-brain barrier to this compound...

..In the UCP1-ablated mice, activity of UCP2 and 3 appears to be insufficient to induce CoQH2 oxidation in resting brown fat mitochondria, which results in hypothermia...

..Localization of marginal blebs at the active edge may be associated with special organization of cortex in that zone...

..Cold exposure does not affect energy coupling in liver mitochondria. The possible involvement of UCP3 isoforms in nucleotide-sensitive and -insensitive uncoupling is discussed...

..Extremely high efficiency of SkQ1, related to its accumulation in the mitochondrial membrane, indicates that mitochondrial ROS production is critical for tumorigenesis at least in some animal models...

..vinelandii. It was also found that the oxidation of NADPH in the A. vinelandii respiratory chain is catalyzed solely by NDH II...

..It is hypothesized that aging represents a slow ROS-linked phenoptosis that eliminates individuals with damaged genomes and gives reproductive advantage to those who succeeded in a better preservation of their genomes from damage...

..The anti-aging effects of SkQ1 described here are in perfect agreement with the inhibitory effects of this antioxidant on aging observed in the other models...

....

..It is concluded that low concentrations of SkQ1 are promising in treating retinopathies, cataract, uveitis, glaucoma, and some other ocular diseases...

..Serine-phosphorylated p66shc there is proposed to block mitosis and initiate apoptosis. The large-scale apoptosis leads to phenoptosis and, hence, shortens the life span of the organism...

..Massive mitoptosis can result in cell death due to release to cytosol of the cell death proteins normally hidden in the mitochondrial intermembrane space...

..Thus, it seems reasonable to perform clinical testing of SkQ preparations as promising drugs for treatment of age-related and some other severe diseases of human and animals...

..It is suggested (i) that it is delta mu H+ decrease rather than reduction of the respiratory chain that is the signal for the induction of cytochrome d, and (ii) the Arc system is involved in this type of metabolic regulation...

..The possible roles of such systems under normal conditions (e.g., the effect of O2*- in air) and in some pathologies (e.g., pneumonia) is discussed...

..Our results suggest that SkQR1 exhibits profound neuroprotective effect, which may be explained by its antioxidative activity...

..The fraction of mitochondria-depleted cells remained viable...

..Methionine quenches ROS, being converted to methionine sulfoxide, which is re-reduced to the initial methionine by NADPH...

..It is suggested that the stimulation of apoptosis by cytoskeletal inhibitors may be attributed to the altered distribution of cell organelles, especially, mitochondria...

..This means that mitochondrial fission is not essential for apoptotic cascade progression...

..As to high LS, it causes a nonspecific (CAtr-insensitive) damage to the mitochondrial membrane...

..In the latter case, suppression of SkQ1-mediated proton conductivity of the BLM was also observed...

..influenzae revealed conserved amino acid regions. Transmembrane helix II was shown to be highly homologous in all the ArcB-type proteins. The involvement of this region in ArcB-mediated oxygen-dependent regulation is suggested...

..It is suggested that the entrance of mitochondria into the nucleus promotes both the attack of mitochondria by nuclear proteins and the attack of nuclear DNA and proteins by proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space...

..The berberine accumulation was prevented by protonophore CCCP and was stimulated by mutation in the MDR pump NorA. It is concluded that the plant alkaloids and benzalkonium are penetrating cations and substrates of an MDR pump...

..As to small mitochondria, they might represent a transportable form of these organelles...

..My present task is a "megaproject" with an ambitious goal of minimizing the damaging effect of O(2)(-.) and stopping senescence...

..It is important that cytochrome c is not damaged during the antioxidant reaction, in contrast with many other antioxidants...

..It is stressed that for humans these cruel regulations look like an atavism that should be overcome to prolong the human life span...

..This mutant is competent as a respiratory-chain electron carrier and well suited for knock-in studies of cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis...

..Thus the obtained data are consistent with the assumption that native and modified ANT might function as an H(+)-specific conductor and as a permeability transition pore, respectively...

..These data suggest that (i) the H+/e- stoichiometry for E. coli NDH-I is at least 1.5 and (ii) the DMSO reductase does not generate a proton motive force...

..It is assumed that in the control of the cytochrome d synthesis, the Arc system is involved in the delta mu H+ sensing whereas sensing of delta mu Na+ (or of the Na+ concentration) is mediated by some other receptor system...

..The role of reduced Q accumulation and AOX induction in the defense against oxidative damage is discussed...

..As to the plant uncoupling protein, its contribution to the uncoupling in tuber is negligible or, under the conditions used, somehow desensitized to nucleotides...

..Amino acid sequences of N-terminal regions of the major subunits revealed close homology with those of E. coli H+-ATPase and of Propionigenium modestum Na+-ATPase...