Cocaine use is associated with increased craving in outpatient cocaine abusersS J Robbins
Department of Psychology, Beaver College, Glenside, Pennsylvania 19038 3295, USA
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 6:217-24. 1998
..These results demonstrate a strong association between craving increases and naturally occurring cocaine use but do not allow a determination of whether craving caused cocaine use or cocaine use caused craving...
Comparing levels of cocaine cue reactivity in male and female outpatientsS J Robbins
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 53:223-30. 1999
..Levels of reactivity in females were comparable to the results of previous studies with all male samples. These results support the use of a constant set of cues in future treatment studies employing gender-balanced patient samples...
Mood state and recent cocaine use are not associated with levels of cocaine cue reactivityS J Robbins
Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 59:33-42. 2000
..However, negative mood states at the start of a session were associated with higher levels of self-reported craving, high, and withdrawal both before and after cue exposure...
Laboratory exposure to cocaine cues does not increase cocaine use by outpatient subjectsR N Ehrman
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
J Subst Abuse Treat 15:431-5. 1998
..These results suggest that with proper clinical protections, cue exposure can be used as a treatment outcome measure and a behavioral intervention in outpatient settings without increasing the risk of drug use...
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ritanserin pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependenceJ W Cornish
Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 6178, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 61:183-9. 2001
..These results fail to support the use of ritanserin as a complement to outpatient psychosocial therapy for cocaine dependence...
Comparing self-reported cocaine use with repeated urine tests in outpatient cocaine abusersR N Ehrman
Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 5:150-6. 1997
..However, self-reports cannot substitute for regular urine sampling...
Results of a baseline urine test predict levels of cocaine use during treatmentR N Ehrman
Department of Psychiatry, Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 62:1-7. 2001
..Thus, a single pretreatment urine test represents a powerful predictor of subsequent cocaine use. The results suggest that future randomized trials stratify group assignment based on the results of a baseline urine test...
Conditioning factors in drug abuse: can they explain compulsion?C P O'Brien
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104 6178, USA
J Psychopharmacol 12:15-22. 1998
..We do not yet know the relative importance of learning in the overall phenomenon of relapse, and treatments based on conditioning principles are still under investigation...