Enrique Regidor

..To investigate the association between infant mortality at time of birth and mortality from various causes of death in adulthood in men and women...

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..This is the second part of a two part glossary on measures of health inequalities...

..Studies in European countries have obtained less consistent results. The present work assesses the influence of length of residence on the frequency of obesity in immigrants in the city of Madrid, Spain...

..CONCLUSIONS The excess risk of mortality in diabetic versus nondiabetic individuals cannot be explained by mortality risk factors or by the presence of cardiovascular disease or cancer...

..Previous studies found smaller mortality inequalities in Southern Europe than in other European populations. This study used a sample of older Spanish adults to identify possible factors explaining these findings...

..This study investigates the influence of accumulation of risk factor through life course (socioeconomic circumstances, physical activity and obesity) on the risk of metabolic syndrome and their components in older population in Spain...

..These results show that education and, to a much lesser degree, employment situation explain part of the social gradient observed in mortality from all causes and from broad causes of death, except from respiratory diseases...

..The relationship between obesity measures and components of blood pressure reinforces the recommendation to reduce body weight in order to reduce blood pressure...

..To estimate the mortality from cardiovascular diseases in immigrants residing in one of the regions of Spain with the highest immigration rate during the early years of the 21st century...

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..This study evaluates the extent to which domestic workload explains socio-economic differences in poor self-reported health in women and men...

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..We examined the evolution of income inequalities and health inequalities in Spain from the time of the country's entry into the European Union...

..To determine the role of obesity, adult behavioural risk factors, and markers of specific childhood exposures in the association between adult socioeconomic position and hypertension in a cohort of people aged 60 years and older...

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..This study evaluates the relationship of cumulative area-based adverse socioeconomic environment with body mass index (BMI) and overweight...

..However, they must do so within the bureaucracy. Any actions that public health officials wish to take as advocates of particular public health activities should be carried out independent of their role as government officials...

..To evaluate whether mortality in immigrants in the region of Madrid (Spain) differs from mortality in Spanish in-country migrants...

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..To study the trends of socioeconomic inequalities and socioeconomic inequalities in self-perceived health in Spain between 1987 and 2001...

..These findings show major reduction in absolute socioeconomic differences in AIDS mortality after HAART and indicate that the use of relative differences alone may be inadequate to fully evaluate the results of health interventions...

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..The purpose of this work was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic circumstances in early life and poor self-rated health in adulthood, and to determine whether this association varies depending on birth cohort...

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..A close examination of the literature suggests that the consistent relation between political and welfare state characteristics and infant mortality in the second half of the 20th century in wealthy countries may not be causal...

..To investigate the association between childhood social class and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly...

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..To study the association between fetal death and paternal agricultural occupation in areas and time periods with different levels of use of agricultural pesticides...

..To estimate probability of survival in Spain from 1975 to 1995 according to income per capita quintiles...

..Possible explanations for these findings are suggested which are compatible with the presence of an unhealthy and/or healthy immigrant bias in the two areas...

..To assess socioeconomic variation in the association between self-rated health (SRH) and mortality and to determine whether socioeconomic inequalities in SRH and socioeconomic inequalities in mortality differ in magnitude...

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..To examine the association between education and mortality for various causes of death in young adults in a community with a high rate of injection-drug users...

..The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the relation between area-based socioeconomic environment and childhood obesity can be explained by household socioeconomic position, obesity-related risk behaviours and area facilities...

..Inequalities in perceived general health, diabetes mellitus and chronic bronchitis/asthma increased in Spain between 1987 and 1995/97...

..Future studies of this subject may provide some clues as to the underlying mechanisms of this association...

..Also, this association is not explained by individual socioeconomic characteristics or the number of sports facilities...

..This study aims to assess the absolute and relative socioeconomic differences in AIDS-mortality in the Region of Madrid after the introduction of HAART...

..The findings of this study do not support the hypotheses proposed in previous investigations to explain the consistent relation between socioeconomic environment and lack of physical activity...

..To assess the association between geographic origin and the use of screening cervical smears and mammograms...

..To compare health services utilization between the immigrant and indigenous populations in Spain...

..An increase in the amount of leisure time in modern societies is suggested as an explanation for this paradox. Factors related to energy expenditure could be as important as dietary factors in the genesis of the obesity epidemic...

..The absence of a relation in men in 1990 may be due to the large impact of premature mortality from AIDS in regions with the highest average total income per household and/or smallest income inequality...

..CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that physical inactivity in women aged 45 years and older could be related not only with individual characteristics but with the socioeconomic context of the area of residence...

..To determine changing patterns in the main causes of mortality Brazilian regions between 1980 and 2000 taking into consideration the inequalities among territories and epidemiological transition...

..The results for social class in childhood do not support the existing evidence, and suggest that this association may depend on specific historic and cultural circumstances...

..To determine the size of obesity differences associated with educational level in the adult population in Spain...

..The putative association between P ovata consumption and mortality from colorectal cancer was then evaluated...

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..This study evaluates the influence of socioeconomic position (SEP) over the life course on change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults...

..To show the utility of analysing time trends of need and coverage of needle-exchange programmes (NEPs) and opioid substitution treatment (OST) to assess harm reduction policies targeting drug injectors or heroin users...

..This work examined whether housing conditions predict mortality in older adults with heart failure (HF)...

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..There are no studies in Spain on the extent of obesity in adult immigrants. The aim of this paper is to present the frequency and distribution of obesity among immigrants living in Madrid...

..Alzheimer's disease was the 11th leading cause of death. CONCLUSIONS: While mortality from Alzheimer's disease in 1998 was 21 times higher than in 1980, cancer-related mortality decreased over the last years...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate smoking trends among Spanish men and women by social class between 1987 and 1997...

..This study evaluates inequalities in mortality from different causes by educational level and their contribution to total mortality inequalities in adult women in one of these regions...

..Interventions to avoid driving under the influence of drugs and to increase use of protective devices among drug users are needed...

..The aim of this study was to assess levels of total PA and time spent in different PAintensities in Spanish adolescents by accelerometer...

..The contribution of these socioeconomic circumstances to mortality varies regarding the cause of death and gender...

..To examine risk factors associated with non-fatal heroin overdose, particularly frequency and route of heroin administration...

..9 g, -17.2 g, and 16.9 g, respectively. The adjusted prevalence ratio for LBW was 1.04, 1.08, and 0.91. Our results suggest a higher birth weight and lower prevalence of LBW in children of fathers who are agricultural workers...

..In some countries, particularly in Southern Europe, it may not be too late to prevent women in less educated groups from taking up the smoking habit, thereby avoiding large inequalities in mortality in the future in these countries...

..This study estimates the magnitude of differences in stroke mortality by educational level among men and women aged >or=30 years in 10 European populations during the 1990s...

..The existence of patient cost sharing in the healthcare systems of Western European countries raises doubts about the possibility of making use of health services independent of individual socioeconomic position...

..This study suggests that alcohol use substantially influences socioeconomic inequalities in male cancer mortality in France, Spain and Switzerland but not in the Nordic countries and nor in Belgium...

..This was observed both among never- and ever-married women. The greater risk of breast cancer mortality among women with a higher level of education was a persistent and generalised phenomenon in Europe in the 1990s...

..Thus, differences in suicide mortality for men by occupational status depended in the present study upon both the nation studied and the time period chosen for study...

..We analyzed the association between fetal death from congenital anomalies and paternal agricultural occupation in mothers who were employed and in housewives...

..Effective interventions should be developed and implemented to reduce exposure to cardiovascular risk factors in low-educational groups...

..The impact of illegal drug consumption on general mortality in Spain is unknown. We aimed to quantify this impact for the period 1994-2000...

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