Expression of BRCA1 protein in breast cancer and its prognostic significanceEmad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, The Breast Unit, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB Nottingham, UK
Hum Pathol 39:857-65. 2008
..Immunohistochemical assessment of BRCA1 expression could provide additional clinically relevant information in routine classification of breast cancer...
Expression of E2F-4 in invasive breast carcinomas is associated with poor prognosisEmad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, UK
J Pathol 203:754-61. 2004
..E2F-4 appears to have an oncogenic role rather than a tumour suppressor role in breast carcinogenesis and, hence, it is not the gene targeted by 16q22.1 loss in breast carcinoma...
- The p53 positive Bcl-2 negative phenotype is an independent marker of prognosis in breast cancer
Phil Rolland
Academic and Clinical Department of Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Int J Cancer 120:1311-7. 2007
..79 95%ci 1.10-2.89 p = 0.018)...
- Biologic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer with single hormone receptor positive phenotype
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology and Surgery, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
J Clin Oncol 25:4772-8. 2007
..It is usually easier to decide treatment strategies in cases of double-positive/-negative phenotypes than in single-positive tumors...
- Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: response to hormonal therapy and outcomes
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Eur J Cancer 44:73-83. 2008
..It is less common than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and few large studies have addressed its biologic characteristics and behaviour with respect to long-term clinical outcome and response to adjuvant therapy...
- Further evidence that E-cadherin is not a tumour suppressor gene in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Histopathology 62:695-701. 2013
..In this study, we investigated further the existence of E-cadherin-negative ductal carcinoma and evaluated the status of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in this subgroup...
- Clinical outcome of atypical endometrial hyperplasia diagnosed on an endometrial biopsy: institutional experience and review of literature
Emad Rakha
Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, UK
Am J Surg Pathol 36:1683-90. 2012
..Unless there is a clinical contraindication, hysterectomy should be performed to treat concurrent carcinoma and to reduce the risk of subsequent carcinoma in nonmalignant cases with residual AEH...
- Do primary mammary osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma exist? A review of a large multi-institutional series of malignant matrix-producing breast tumours
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Breast 22:13-8. 2013
..Improved understanding of the clinicopathological characteristics of primary mammary MP-sarcomas, namely osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, is required...
- Encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: a study of invasion associated markers
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
J Clin Pathol 65:710-4. 2012
..Although EPC typically lacks myoepithelial cells, it shows indolent clinical course. The classification of EPC as an in situ, or invasive disease, remains a matter of debate...
Prognostic value of proliferation assay in the luminal, HER2-positive, and triple-negative biologic classes of breast cancerMohammed A Aleskandarany
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
Breast Cancer Res 14:R3. 2012
..This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of a proliferation assay by using Ki-67 immunohistochemistry as compared with mitotic count scores...
- The prognostic significance of early stage lymph node positivity in operable invasive breast carcinoma: number or stage
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
J Clin Pathol 65:624-30. 2012
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- Efficacy of an incident-reporting system in cellular pathology: a practical experience
Emad A Rakha
Department of Cellular, Pathology, Nottingham, University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
J Clin Pathol 65:643-8. 2012
..Published data on the role IR plays in cellular pathology remains scanty...
- The prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast carcinoma
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Cancer 118:3670-80. 2012
..This is mainly because it remains unclear whether the presence of LVI is an independent, high-risk criterion in clinically relevant staging subgroups...
- Breast cancer prognostic classification in the molecular era: the role of histological grade
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
Breast Cancer Res 12:207. 2010
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- Investigating AP-2 and YY1 protein expression as a cause of high HER2 gene transcription in breast cancers with discordant HER2 gene amplification
Desmond G Powe
Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Breast Cancer Res 11:R90. 2009
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- Lobular breast carcinoma and its variants
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Semin Diagn Pathol 27:49-61. 2010
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- Combinatorial biomarker expression in breast cancer
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 120:293-308. 2010
..Here, we review the evidence on the value of assessing biomarker expression in breast cancer individually and in combination and its relation to the recent molecular classification of breast cancer...
- The sensitivity of cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma
E A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Diagn Cytopathol 38:874-9. 2010
..These data suggested that a cytologic diagnosis contributed useful information in patients with epithelioid and biphasic pleural MM. Limitations of the cytologic examination of MM should also be acknowledged...
- Prognostic significance of Nottingham histologic grade in invasive breast carcinoma
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Rd, Nottingham, NG5 1PB United Kingdom
J Clin Oncol 26:3153-8. 2008
..However, grade is not included in the recent revision of the TNM staging system of breast cancer as its value is questioned in certain settings...
- The biological and clinical characteristics of breast carcinoma with mixed ductal and lobular morphology
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 114:243-50. 2009
..No clinically meaningful differences in survival were found between these mixed carcinomas and pure IDC or ILC of the breast or between mixed tumours with predominantly ductal or lobular phenotype...
- Triple-negative breast cancer: distinguishing between basal and nonbasal subtypes
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Clin Cancer Res 15:2302-10. 2009
..It is widely perceived that BLBC and TN tumors are synonymous and BLBC can be defined using a TN definition without the need for the expression of basal markers...
- Screen-detected breast lesions with malignant needle core biopsy diagnoses and no malignancy identified in subsequent surgical excision specimens (potential false-positive diagnosis)
Emad A Rakha
Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG51PB, UK
Eur J Cancer 45:1162-7. 2009
..In conclusion, our results showed that the true false-positive rate of NCB is extremely rare. Significant over-management of screen-detected breast lesions as a result of false-positive NCB may be considered almost nil...
- Screen-detected malignant breast lesions diagnosed following benign (B2) or normal (B1) needle core biopsy diagnoses
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Eur J Cancer 46:1835-40. 2010
..Therefore, our results indicate that the malignancy miss rate on NCB is rare and FN NCB diagnoses had no impact on patient management...
- Evaluation of touch preparation cytology during frozen-section diagnoses of pulmonary lesions
E A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
J Clin Pathol 63:675-7. 2010
..However, the contribution of touch preparation cytology (TPC) to FS diagnosis remains unclear. Aim To assess the utility of routinely performed TPC during FS diagnoses of pulmonary lesions...
- Expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC6) and their prognostic significance in human breast cancer
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, The Breast Unit, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Mod Pathol 18:1295-304. 2005
..In conclusion, most breast carcinomas express MUC1, MUC3 and MUC4. Among the various mucins expressed in breast cancer, MUC1 and MUC3 are potential prognostic indicators, MUC1 having the strongest relationship with patient outcome...
- Encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: an invasive tumor with excellent prognosis
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
Am J Surg Pathol 35:1093-103. 2011
..Routine use of adjuvant therapy, particularly chemotherapy, is clearly not appropriate in view of the very low risk of subsequent events. However, hormonal therapy may be indicated in certain cases such as recurrent PC...
- Modern classification of breast cancer: should we stick with morphology or convert to molecular profile characteristics
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, UK
Adv Anat Pathol 18:255-67. 2011
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- Gigantic recurrent abdominal desmoid tumour: a case report
E A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
Hernia 11:193-7. 2007
..We recommend surgical removal of DT regardless of its size and in particular in cases where there is no or inadequate response to neoadjuvant therapy...
- Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
E A Rakha
Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 23:587-600. 2011
..Here we discuss the epidemiology, morphological and molecular spectrum of TNBC, the clinical significance of this important class of breast cancer and the current treatment options...
- Characterization and outcome of breast needle core biopsy diagnoses of lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) in abnormalities detected by mammographic screening
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Int J Cancer 129:1417-24. 2011
..Malignancy is particularly associated with epithelial atypia suggesting the use of two categories of with and without epithelial atypia. Radiological findings provided useful information regarding the nature and outcome of B3 lesions...
- Clinical and biological significance of E-cadherin protein expression in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
Am J Surg Pathol 34:1472-9. 2010
..E-cadherin-positive ILCs (ILC+) were subsequently examined to assess the expression of component members of the E-cadherin membrane complex (E-cadherin, p120, α, β, and γ-catenins) to determine its integrity...
- Cytological assessment of conventional transbronchial fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes
E A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
Cytopathology 21:27-34. 2010
..The aim of this study was to assess the cytopathological outcome of TBNA...
- The proteins FABP7 and OATP2 are associated with the basal phenotype and patient outcome in human breast cancer
H Zhang
Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 121:41-51. 2010
..We have identified a novel subgroup of basal tumours showing FABP7 expression that have significantly better clinical outcome. Further studies analysing the role of FABP7 are therefore warranted...
- Sonographic correlations with the new molecular classification of invasive breast cancer
I T H Au-Yong
Nottingham Breast Institute, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK, NG5 1PB
Eur Radiol 19:2342-8. 2009
..The biological reasons for these findings and their implications regarding imaging protocols require further study and may enable improved detection of these lesions...
- Basal phenotype: a powerful prognostic factor in small screen-detected invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up
A J Evans
Radiology, Breast Institute, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
J Med Screen 14:210-4. 2007
..To assess the frequency and prognostic significance of a basal phenotype in a group of women with screen-detected invasive breast cancers with long-term follow-up and to focus particularly on women with small ( < 15 mm) breast cancers...
- The mammographic correlations of a new immunohistochemical classification of invasive breast cancer
S Taneja
Nottingham Breast Institute, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
Clin Radiol 63:1228-35. 2008
..The aim of this study was to identify the mammographic correlates of these novel molecular classes of invasive breast cancer...
- Predictive value of needle core biopsy diagnoses of lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) in abnormalities detected by mammographic screening
M E el-Sayed
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Histopathology 53:650-7. 2008
..The aim was to study a large series of B3 cases from population-based screening subjects in order to evaluate positive predictive values (PPVs) for malignancy...
- The influence of basal phenotype on the metastatic pattern of breast cancer
A A Luck
Breast Institute, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 20:40-5. 2008
..To assess whether basal phenotype influences the metastatic pattern and survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer...
- An overview of assessment of prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer needle core biopsy specimens
E A Rakha
Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
J Clin Pathol 60:1300-6. 2007
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- Breast carcinoma with basal differentiation: a proposal for pathology definition based on basal cytokeratin expression
E A Rakha
Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham and Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
Histopathology 50:434-8. 2007
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- Caveolin 1 and Caveolin 2 are associated with breast cancer basal-like and triple-negative immunophenotype
S E Elsheikh
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham, UK
Br J Cancer 99:327-34. 2008
..Further studies are warranted to determine whether they play an oncogenic role in basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer development or are just surrogate markers for this subgroup...
- PIK3CA expression in invasive breast cancer: a biomarker of poor prognosis
Mohammed A Aleskandarany
Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen s Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 122:45-53. 2010
..Thus, targeting of PIK3CA using specific inhibitors could potentially be beneficial, particularly for patients with more aggressive poorly differentiated tumors, irrespective of their molecular subtype...
- The prognostic significance of PELP1 expression in invasive breast cancer with emphasis on the ER-positive luminal-like subtype
Hany Onsy Habashy
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 120:603-12. 2010
..PELP1 appears to have a potential application in assessing the clinical outcome of patients with ER-positive breast cancer...
- Molecular characteristics and prognostic features of breast cancer in Nigerian compared with UK women
A J Agboola
Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 135:555-69. 2012
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- E-cadherin expression in invasive non-lobular carcinoma of the breast and its prognostic significance
E A Rakha
The Breast Unit, Department of Histopathology and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Histopathology 46:685-93. 2005
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- The prognostic significance of inflammation and medullary histological type in invasive carcinoma of the breast
E A Rakha
Departments of Histopathology and Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
Eur J Cancer 45:1780-7. 2009
..Further studies are needed to investigate the difference in survival between medullary carcinoma and other forms of basal carcinomas and the role of inflammation in any such differences in behaviour...
- Three-dimensional reconstruction of sentinel lymph nodes with metastatic breast cancer indicates three distinct patterns of tumour growth
E C Paish
Breast Cancer Pathology Research Group, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
J Clin Pathol 62:617-23. 2009
..Three-dimensional (3D) serial section alignment and reconstruction techniques can be used for visualisation of nodal metastasis and could provide better understanding of disease growth patterns...
- Morphological and immunophenotypic analysis of breast carcinomas with basal and myoepithelial differentiation
E A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
J Pathol 208:495-506. 2006
..The basal rather than the myoepithelial phenotype has the strongest relationship with patient outcome...
- Three dimensional reconstruction of a human breast carcinoma using routine laboratory equipment and immunohistochemistry
T Kurien
Breast Cancer Pathology Research Group, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
J Clin Pathol 58:968-72. 2005
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- Vacuum-assisted excision of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) - an alternative to surgery in selected cases
S L Tennant
Nottingham Breast Institute, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Breast 17:546-9. 2008
..Follow-up mammography after VAE of radial scars often showed residual distortion. VAE can be a safe alternative to surgery in the treatment of B3 lesions without atypia, providing thorough multidisciplinary discussion has taken place...
- Influence of E-cadherin expression on the mammographic appearance of invasive nonlobular breast carcinoma detected at screening
Sarah Doyle
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital National Health Service Trust, Nottingham Breast Institute, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, NG5 1PB Nottingham, England
Radiology 253:51-5. 2009
..To determine whether E-cadherin loss causes nonlobular cancers (NLCs) detected at mammographic screening to have different mammographic appearances than do NLCs with normal E-cadherin expression...
- Growth fraction as a predictor of response to chemotherapy in node-negative breast cancer
Mohammed A Aleskandarany
Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Int J Cancer 126:1761-9. 2010
..Patients with a high growth fraction appear to be ideal candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy while those with low growth fraction are less likely to benefit and are prone to the potential serious side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy...
- Lack of expression of the proteins GMPR2 and PPARα are associated with the basal phenotype and patient outcome in breast cancer
B G Baker
School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 137:127-37. 2013
..Further studies into their relevance in further classification of BP are warranted...
- Expression profiling technology: its contribution to our understanding of breast cancer
E A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
Histopathology 52:67-81. 2008
..Gene expression profiling of breast cancer has been performed using several approaches. This review will describe the details of gene expression profiling of breast cancer, the different approaches and the impact on clinical management...
- Expression of the transcription factor CTCF in invasive breast cancer: a candidate gene located at 16q22.1
E A Rakha
The Breast Unit, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Br J Cancer 91:1591-6. 2004
..1 loss in breast cancer and thus another gene or genes at this region remain to be identified...
- Breast carcinoma with basal phenotype: mammographic findings
Angela A Luck
Nottingham International Breast Education Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Rd, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
AJR Am J Roentgenol 191:346-51. 2008
..Basal phenotype has been found to be an independent poor prognostic factor for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the mammographic appearance of screening-detected breast carcinoma with the basal phenotype...
- Transferrin receptor (CD71) is a marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer and can predict response to tamoxifen
Hany Onsy Habashy
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 119:283-93. 2010
..CD71 appears to be a candidate marker of a subgroup of ER+/luminal-like breast cancer characterised by poor outcome and resistance to tamoxifen...
- The expression of ERalpha, ERbeta and PR in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast determined using laser microdissection and real-time PCR
Andrew R Green
Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
Histopathology 54:419-27. 2009
..To determine the status of oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes (ERalpha and ERbeta) in lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast...
- Forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1) expression in breast cancer and its prognostic significance
Hany Onsy Habashy
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Eur J Cancer 44:1541-51. 2008
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- Prognostic markers in triple-negative breast cancer
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Cancer 109:25-32. 2007
..Triple-negative breast cancer (estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and HER2-negative) is a high risk breast cancer that lacks the benefit of specific therapy that targets these proteins...
- Triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer: review
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
Pathology 41:40-7. 2009
..In this review, we discuss the difference between TN and basal-like tumours, pathological and clinical features of basal-like cancer and hence explore the criteria that can be used to identify these tumours in routine practice...
- High-resolution analysis of 16q22.1 in breast carcinoma using DNA amplifiable probes (multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization technique) and immunohistochemistry
Emad A Rakha
The Breast Unit, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
Int J Cancer 114:720-9. 2005
..Although our results support E-cadherin as the TSG in invasive lobular carcinoma, they argue against the candidacy of E2F-4, CTCF, TRF2, P-cadherin, Ksp-cadherin and VE-cadherin as TSGs in breast cancer...
- Histological grading of breast cancer on needle core biopsy: the role of immunohistochemical assessment of proliferation
T ng Chang Kwok
Department of Pathology and School Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK
Histopathology 57:212-9. 2010
..35 and 0.65). A major cause of the discrepancy is underestimation of mitoses in the NCB specimen. The aim was to determine the best method of assessing proliferation on NCB...
- Audit of performance of needle core biopsy diagnoses of screen detected breast lesions
Maysa E El-Sayed
Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
Eur J Cancer 44:2580-6. 2008
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- Basal phenotype identifies a poor prognostic subgroup of breast cancer of clinical importance
Emad A Rakha
Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham and Department of Histopathology and Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
Eur J Cancer 42:3149-56. 2006
..These are important observations as these tumours typically lack hormone receptor and HER-2 overexpression limiting the range of relevant adjuvant therapies...
- Loss of expression of chromosome 16q genes DPEP1 and CTCF in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast
Andrew R Green
Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK NG7 2UH
Breast Cancer Res Treat 113:59-66. 2009
..The aim of this study is to assess the expression of these genes in LCIS and compare them with normal breast, using CDH1 as a control, in order to evaluate their role as TSGs...
- Impact of basal-like breast carcinoma determination for a more specific therapy
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
Pathobiology 75:95-103. 2008
..In this review, we discuss the main features of basal-like tumours and recent evidence on the different available therapeutic approaches...
- The prognostic significance of steroid receptor co-regulators in breast cancer: co-repressor NCOR2/SMRT is an independent indicator of poor outcome
Andrew R Green
Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 110:427-37. 2008
..The aims were to identify whether their expression was related to patient outcome, their relationships to known prognostic factors and to provide a basis for further research into the mechanistic significance of such associations...
- Global histone modifications in breast cancer correlate with tumor phenotypes, prognostic factors, and patient outcome
Somaia E Elsheikh
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham and Nottingham Universities Hospital Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Cancer Res 69:3802-9. 2009
..This study identifies the presence of variations in global levels of histone marks in different grades, morphologic types, and phenotype classes of invasive breast cancer and shows that these differences have clinical significance...
- Patho-biological aspects of basal-like breast cancer
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 113:411-22. 2009
..In this review, we discuss the molecular and morphological features, prognostic significance of BLC, and explore its impact on the concept of the breast cancer stem cell...
- Tubular carcinoma of the breast: further evidence to support its excellent prognosis
Emad A Rakha
FRCPath, Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital National Health Service Trust, Hucknall Rd, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
J Clin Oncol 28:99-104. 2010
..In addition, patients with TC seem to have a close to normal life expectancy, and as a consequence, adjuvant systemic therapy may not be justified in their routine management...
- Basal-like breast cancer: a critical review
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital National Health Service NHS Trust, UK
J Clin Oncol 26:2568-81. 2008
..In this review, we discuss definition, heterogeneity, morphologic spectrum, relation to BRCA1, and clinical significance of this important class of breast cancer...
- Histologic grading is an independent prognostic factor in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
Breast Cancer Res Treat 111:121-7. 2008
..As it is less common than invasive ductal carcinoma, few studies of large size have addressed the value of assessment of histologic grade in ILC...
- Chromosome 16 tumor-suppressor genes in breast cancer
Emad A Rakha
Department of Histopathology, The Breast Unit, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 45:527-35. 2006
..This review discusses the complexity of the 16q region and the different approaches that have been, are being, and will be used to detect the target genes in this area...
- Immunohistochemical heterogeneity of breast carcinomas negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and Her2/neu (basal-like breast carcinomas)
Emad A Rakha
Mod Pathol 21:1060-1; author reply 1061-2. 2008
- Are triple-negative tumours and basal-like breast cancer synonymous?
Emad A Rakha
Breast Cancer Res 9:404; author reply 405. 2007
- Estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinomas: a review of morphology and immunophenotypical analysis
Thomas C Putti
Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Mod Pathol 18:26-35. 2005
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