Andrzej Zielinski

..The purpose of the study is assessment of the epidemiological condition of infectious diseases in Poland in 2010, especially in comparison with 2009 and the years 2004-2008...

..Small numbers of Hib vaccinations reported from both districts do not seem likely to have influenced the data significantly...

..6 (kujawsko-pomorskie) to 9.8 (lubuskie). The highest number of deaths was caused by tuberculosis and its late sequels (34.2%). Attention should be given to the increased number of deaths due to sepsis (34.0%, without neonatal sepsis)...

..4/100,000) then in the country (5.8). In particular districts (voivodeships) mortality indices remained in the range of 5.2 (podlaskie) to 9.7 (slaskie). The highest number of deaths was caused by sepsis (41.1%, without neonatal sepsis)...

..9). As in previous years, the highest number of deaths was caused by tuberculosis and its late sequels (34.4%). Attention should be given to the increased number of deaths due to sepsis (32.3%, without neonatal sepsis)...

..There was no significant difference in incidence of the most severe reactions, including encephalopathy and nonfebrile seizures, and there was no significant difference in allergic reactions...

..3 in Slaskie) and it was higher in cities (7.1) then in rural areas. As in previous years i man mortality (8.6) was higher then in women (4.9). Highest mortality from infectious diseases was noted among elderly people above 74 (30.6)...

..It is also crucial tool for evaluation of the quality of those preparations. Oncoming soccer games Euro 2012 make this a problem of particular interest...

..5/100,000, without neonatal sepsis) was bigger than number of deaths from tuberculosis (834; 2.2)...

..4 (ślaskie). As in previous years, the highest number of deaths was caused by tuberculosis and its late sequels (35.4%). Attention should be given to the increased number of deaths due to sepsis (33.6%, without neonatal sepsis)...

..In Authors opinion causal approach to associations between are crucial as a base for therapeutic approach and for public health interventions. This is why he is against consequent indeterministic approach...

..3 in Lubuskie) and it was higher in cities (8.3) then in rural areas (6.8). As in previous years man mortality (9.7) was higher then women (5.8). Highest mortality from infectious diseases was noted among elderly people above 74 (46.3)...

..The main reason of such increase is the growing number of septicaemia, which is indicated as the underlying cause of death...

..The Russians did not take attempts to use chemical weapons in the First World War...

..75% of deaths. The most frequent cause of death among infectious diseases was tuberculosis and its sequels (1,061 cases). 13 cases of death due to tuberculosis occurred in people below 30 years of age...

..126 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2002, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country...

..As in the past type B was the predominant type of N. meningitidis cultured from patients. 210 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2001, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country...

..5% in 2001 and in 6 to 9 y-olds, from 84.3%, to 68.8%). We also discuss an alternative hypothesis that the above findings are due to selection or measurement bias resulting from incomplete reporting or imperfect diagnostic procedures...

..No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984...

..No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984...

..7/100,000). The vaccination coverage for the children below 2 was 98.2%. The quality of the reporting and laboratory confirmation of pertussis has improved. 58.6% of cases were confirmed by ELISA test, 0.1% by culture...

..This is particularly true of the elderly population...

..Additional dose of pertussis vaccine was included in vaccination calendar for 2003...

..9/100,000). Big differences in numbers of cases reported between different districts and between urban and rural areas bring strong possibility of insufficient sensitivity of the surveillance in many regions of Poland...

..It is concluded that increase of pertussis incidence in Poland, causes urgent need of additional vaccination in the age of 5 to secure protection for the older age groups...

..In general number of cases reported in Poland remains relatively low. Problem is uneven distribution in different voivodeships (districts) which bring strong possibility of very low sensitivity of surveillance in some regions...

..No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984...

..No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984...

..In general number of cases reported in Poland remains relatively low. Problem is uneven distribution in different voivodeships (districts) which bring strong possibility of very low sensitivity of surveillance between regions...

..No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984...

..3% and increased with age. All cases were unvaccinated or vaccination status was unknown. The data show effectiveness of vaccination program, but also show need for promotion of post exposure prophylaxis, especially among older people...

..No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984...

..In only 4 cases some kind of chemoprophylaxis was documented. In other prophylaxis was not used or not documented. One death resulted from falciparum malaria in Poland in 2002...

..It remains obscure to what extend recurrence of pertussis depends solely on the shift of incidence to older ages, to the decrease of vaccine efficiency or to the independent increase of parapertussis...

..One death from falciparumn malaria was reported in Poland in 2004. In 11 cases some kind of chemoprophylaxis was documented. In other prophylaxis was not used or not documented...

..No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984...

..To interpret the gradual increase in HIV detection rate in Poland during 1993-2007, separating effects due to epidemic maturation from effects possibly due to new outbreaks or implemented measures...

..It analyses attenuation of measures of association, which can be related to misclassification in epidemiological studies. Problems with correction for confounders in the presence of misclassification of exposure are also described...

..CONCLUSION: Risk of Hib meningitis approximately doubles for every unit increase in the number of siblings. Routine vaccination of Polish infants who have two or more siblings could potentially prevent half of the Hib meningitis cases...

..As in previous years, N. meningitidis typed B was strongly predominating. Out of 570 cases of encephalitis, 170 (29.8%) were tick borne, of which most were reported from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country...

..Although diagnostic certainty of reported cases has improved in recent years, it is still problematic. Further efforts are needed to increase the proportion of serogrouped cases and assess the burden of meningococcal disease in Poland...

..With only 25% of reported cases meeting the definition for confirmed cases, there is a need for more complete follow-up and standardised testing of suspect cases...