L A Akslen

..The aim of the present study was to investigate LCN2 in endometrial cancer in relation to clinico-pathologic phenotype, angiogenesis, markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and patient survival...

..Finally, we aimed to identify differences in gene expression and key molecular mechanisms, both in the native state and following treatment...

..In this study, we investigated whether early detection of breast cancer is possible by analyzing gene-expression patterns in peripheral blood cells...

..We proposed that these tumor characteristics might be associated with changes in expression of cell adhesion proteins leading to increased invasive capacity and reduced patient survival...

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..Finally, we investigated potential influence on PDGF mRNA levels by the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes...

..The IHC pattern that best defines basal-like tumors is under investigation and various combinations of ER, PR, HER2-, CK5/6+ and EGFR+ have been tested...

..Thus, the frequencies of BRAF and NRAS mutations were particularly low in melanomas from black Africans, supporting a different pathogenesis of these tumors...

..Although BRAF and NRAS mutations are likely to be important for the initiation and maintenance of some melanomas, other factors might be more significant for proliferation and prognosis in subgroups of aggressive melanoma...

..Glomeruloid microvascular proliferation (GMP), a novel histology-based angiogenesis marker, has been associated with decreased survival in several human cancers...

..Our results indicate that point mutations in exons 7 and 8 are more frequent than previously reported in primary melanomas, and such changes may be important for the development of certain melanoma subgroups...

..Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that other defects may act in concert with loss of p53 function, causing resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancers...

..In contrast, hMSH2 methylation was infrequent in this prospective and population-based series of endometrial carcinomas...

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..Loss of BMI-1 seems to be associated with an aggressive phenotype in endometrial carcinomas...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of MVD in clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinomas, focusing on moderately-differentiated tumours...

..The results affirm the utility of systematic characterization of the cancer genome in clinically annotated specimens and suggest the particular importance of the PI3K pathway in patients who have aggressive endometrial cancer...

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..High TAM density was significantly associated with reduced survival in univariate analysis...

..The overexpression and nuclear localization of the Hrg precursor isoform were not associated with the expression of ErbB-receptors. This may reflect an unknown mechanism of action, possibly independent of the ErbB receptor system...

..The aim of this study was to explore the expression of these proteins in breast cancers from an African population and their associations with the basal-like phenotype (BLP) and other molecular characteristics...

..Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between p53-mutations and chemotherapy response...

..In the current study the authors evaluated the expression of p16 and CDK4 proteins and their prognostic significance in patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma...

..Ki-67 expression is assessed on the histological specimens taken routinely, with no separate sampling technique; this should make it easy to use in a routine setting...

..Methylation of the promoter region seems to be an uncommon mechanism of p16 inactivation in endometrial carcinoma...

..Our purpose was to investigate the potential of GPER as a prognostic and predictive marker in endometrial carcinoma and to search for new drug candidates to improve treatment of aggressive disease...

..We wanted to investigate if BMI is related to clinico-pathological characteristics, hormone receptor status in primary tumour, and disease outcome in endometrial cancer...

..0009) and cytoplasmic EGF-receptor staining (P = 0.0048) was independent indicators of tumour recurrences in this group of surgically treated papillary thyroid carcinomas...

..Cases without p53 expression had improved survival...

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..An inverse relation between ID1 and TSP-1 expression support an important role of ID1 in the regulation of this complex multitarget protein...

..These data suggest that MVD is associated with prognosis in cutaneous melanomas, and that the VEGF system and particularly TSP-1 seem to be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and progression of these tumors...

..BMI-1 was inversely related to basal-like factors, and a stem cell phenotype of the basal-like subgroup could not be verified by this marker...

..We have evaluated the prognostic value of Ki-67 growth fraction after radical prostatectomy, especially focusing on intermediate grade carcinomas...

..Its association with metastatic disease and microsatellite instability implicates its importance in the development of this tumor type...

..EZH2 expression should, therefore, be further examined as a possible predictive factor...

..We investigated this marker in relation to clinicopathologic characteristics, hormone receptors, other biomarkers, and survival in endometrial carcinoma...

..005). Our results seem to confirm that the p16-Rb pathway plays an important role in tumour progression and prognosis in vertical growth phase melanomas, whereas alterations in the p14-p53 pathway might be less important...

..Increased expression of EGF receptor in the tumours parallels the situation in human thyroid cancer...

..Immature endothelial cells express nestin, and when co-expressed with the proliferation marker Ki-67, the number of proliferating immature blood vessels can be measured...

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..These results motivate further clinical trials with trastuzumab based on HER-2/neu status in endometrial carcinomas...

..However, the relationship between epigenetic switches and more dynamic patterns of gene activation and repression has remained largely unknown...

..The role of ERbeta needs to be further evaluated especially in this group of breast cancers...

..These data are interpreted to be consistent with altered cell motility, extracellular matrix remodeling and increased cell proliferation, as important processes in PTC tumor progression...

..02), and was a better predictor of outcome than was microvessel density. In conclusion, GMPs might indicate a more aggressive vascular phenotype associated with poor prognosis and could be a novel prognostic marker in human cancer...

..Low BMI-1 expression was associated with low p14 and CDK4 but not with p16 expression. Low levels of BMI-1 expression were also significantly associated with decreased patient survival...

..However, the mechanism of p16 inactivation remains unclear for the majority of cases exhibiting loss of expression, but the interactions with K-ras and p53 should be further studied...

..In addition to resulting from selection pressure, this observation may be explained by the CG dinucleotide of codon 24 representing a mutational hot spot in the CDK4 gene...

..001 and P = 0.001, respectively). A key reason for this difference with respect to the factors predicting chemotherapy resistance could be due to the adjuvant use of tamoxifen in all patients harbouring ER-positive tumours...

..CONCLUSIONS: Vascular invasion and tumour cell proliferation measured by Ki67 both had independent prognostic influence, and should be considered to identify aggressive tumours of the endometrioid subtype...

..Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a member of the Polycomb group of genes that is involved in epigenetic silencing and cell cycle regulation...

..Transcriptional up-regulation and post-transcriptional mechanisms of c-ret RNA processing may contribute to differences in expression of Ret protein observed in PTC compared to non-neoplastic thyroid tissue...

..Our findings also indicate that a shift from E-cadherin to P-cadherin expression (cadherin switch) is an important prognostic feature in these tumors...

..Our data indicate that the other mismatch repair genes hMSH2 and hMSH6 are also involved, especially in cases with intermediate MSI...

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..Thus, the detection and targeted treatment of Axl-expressing tumors represents an important new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer...

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..In addition, our data suggest the presence of low-grade intra-tumoral lymphangiogenesis in melanoma and a stimulating role of bFGF in lymphangiogenesis...

..The subungual melanomas were thicker and the patients were older at presentation compared with the non-subungual sites. Review of our patients emphasized the need for early diagnosis...

..Our results are consistent with a modest effect of certain reproductive factors upon thyroid cancer development...

..Among 5-10-year-old children, birth weight was also inversely related to risk of astrocytoma. Our results suggest that risk factors may differ over age intervals and histological subgroups...

..When further clarified, this might be of relevance for the planning of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies...

..More studies are required to assess the clinical significance of EGFR and c-kit in breast cancer patients in Uganda...

..The objective of the study was to investigate the prognostic impact of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy in endometrial carcinoma in a routine diagnostic series as compared with a research series...

..BRCA1-related breast cancer frequently has a basal epithelial phenotype, and P-cadherin is a basal marker. We undertook a detailed evaluation of the relationship among P-cadherin, prognostic markers in breast cancer, and outcome...

..These findings might be practically important and relevant because the polycomb group proteins have recently been suggested as candidates for targeted therapy...

..Thus, loss of p63 or CK5/6 was associated with features of aggressive tumors, and lack of CK5/6 was significantly associated with reduced survival in multivariate analysis...

..A pathway in endometrial carcinogenesis involving PTEN mutation and microsatellite instability is confirmed, and this study also indicates the importance of PTEN and hMLH1 methylation in this pathway...

..Our findings indicate a complex relationship between bFGF/FGFR-1 expression and prognosis of prostate cancer. Vascular proliferation revealed no prognostic impact in this study...

..In conclusion, CD105/endoglin-MVD is significantly associated with FIGO stage, tumour proliferation and prognosis in endometrial carcinoma, indicating that this is a better angiogenic marker in these tumours...

..Report on 2 patients with cortisol producing apparently benign adrenal adenomas ≥ 5 cm in diameter with local malignant recurrence and peritoneal carcinomatosis after endoscopic surgery...

..In contrast, GMP expression of bFGF was decreased. Our findings suggest an important role of VEGF-A and its receptors in GMP formation in human cutaneous melanoma...

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..We here present novel data, with special focus on the independent relationship between an E-cadherin to N-cadherin switch (EN-switch) and patient prognosis...

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..Ongoing molecular-based clinical trials and newly reported molecular alterations with a potential for development of new targeted therapy are discussed...

..The castration-resistant tumors exhibited weak VEGF-A but strong HIF-1alpha expression. These novel data might have an effect on clinical evaluation and treatment of prostate cancer patients...

..The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry in a large series of patients with endometrial carcinoma...

..Our findings contribute to the increasing elucidation of the role of TMPRSS2:ERG in the development of prostate cancer...

..In conclusion, our study indicates that vascular proliferation is a meaningful variable in assessing the angiogenic phenotype of endometrial carcinoma...

..Using supervised analysis, we could not uncover a gene profile that could reliably (>70% accuracy and specificity) predict response to either treatment regimen...

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..The aim was to examine lymphatic and blood vessel invasion separately and their associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of p53 and p16 expression in curettage material from patients with endometrial carcinoma...

..In conclusion, several prognostic markers have been identified. It is likely that the information derived from these tumor biomarkers will reduce the need for extensive surgical staging and adjuvant treatment in endometrial carcinoma...

..The frequency of CDKN2A mutations was lower than previously reported in other studies, an observation which probably is due to the population-based design of our study...

..Tumor cells can evade detection by light microscopy if they are vastly outnumbered by myometrial cells. Molecular techniques have a great potential in the detection of such isolated cells...

..Inhibition of FGFR2 kinase activity in endometrial carcinoma cell lines bearing such FGFR2 mutations inhibits transformation and survival, implicating FGFR2 as a novel therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma...

..PCR artefact was also found to masquerade as MSI-L; criteria for the assessment of MSI-L are suggested to eliminate this problem...

..In this paper we highlight the central aspects of these processes and describe new therapies directed at the tumour vasculature. We also present some of our own data...

..These studies show that many basal-like tumors express HER1, which suggests candidate drugs for evaluation in these patients...

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..Our data suggest that breast cancers with a basal epithelial phenotype are more likely than nonbasal breast cancers to present between regular mammograms...

..We also review current experimental human tumor dormancy models which closely recapitulate clinically observed delay in tumor progress...

..We previously identified WDR19 as a prostate-specific, androgen-regulated gene. Here, we evaluate its utility as a prostate cancer tissue marker for diagnosis and prognostic evaluation...