D Aarsland

..Dementia is common in Parkinson's disease, but the underlying brain pathology is not yet fully understood...

..Psychosis, agitation, apathy and depression were assessed using standardised measures in 32 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease...

..Further studies with larger samples are needed to explore a possible relationship between a family history of PD and development of dementia in PD and its potential pathogenetic mechanisms...

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..We aimed to test the safety and efficacy of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine in patients with PDD or DLB...

..The aim of this study was to explore the proportion with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subtypes in an incidence cohort of untreated PD in Southern and Western Norway...

..A variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms commonly occur in Parkinson's disease. Extensive research the last 10 years has provided new knowledge in the field...

..To examine the occurrence and clinical and demographic correlates of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a community-based cohort over 8 years...

..Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have important clinical consequences for patients, caregivers and society. Few studies of neuropsychiatric symptoms in early untreated PD exist...

..To explore the profile of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PDD)...

..However, the absolute risk of dementia and how it affects survival in PD are not known. Such questions are important for patients, their families, and service providers but require long-term studies...

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..We investigated caregiver distress associated with neuropsychiatric problems in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD)...

..In studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson disease (PD), patients without dementia have reported variable prevalences and profiles of MCI, likely to be due to methodologic differences between the studies...

..The association between apathy and intrusions supports the hypothesis that lesions in frontal areas or frontal connections contribute to a specific neuropsychiatric syndrome in patients with MS...

..Apathy is a common but under-recognised behavioural disorder associated with depression and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, the longitudinal course of apathy in PD has not been studied...

..International comparative studies offer special advantages in elucidating environmental risk factors by providing a wider diversity of environmental exposures such as nursing home structures, health care systems and genetic diversity...

..The aim of this study is to investigate the association of psychosocial factors and patient factors with stress in care staff in nursing homes...

..To examine associated demographic and clinical correlates and the development of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) over 8 years in a community-based cohort of patients with Parkinson disease (PD)...

..To examine the development of nocturnal sleeping problems in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) over an 8-year period and to study the clinical and demographic correlates of insomnia...

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..To investigate the inter-relationship of neuropsychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) by cluster analysis and describe the properties of the clusters...

..However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age...

..To investigate the effects of attentional deficits on activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PDD)...

..Our results indicate that the early development of dementia in PD is associated with more severe degeneration of cortical and sub-cortical structures...

..The objective of this study was to explore the load of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) and compare to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls (NC)...

..To compare neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB)...

..01) than SLE patients. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychiatric symptoms occur frequently in patients with MS. Irritability and apathy are independent of disability and chronic disease and represent unique disease manifestations...

..To compare the profile of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PDD)...

..However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the relatively small number of subjects included in this study...

..However, the marked cognitive decline in 2 patients carrying intermediate-size alleles points to a possible association. More studies with larger PD samples are warranted...

..We conducted a study using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to explore the pattern of cortical atrophy in DLB and PDD...

..A score of 2 or more on the motivation/initiative item was adequate to screen for apathy, whereas a score of 4 had high diagnostic accuracy at the cost of unacceptable low sensitivity...

..We accept, however, that further validation of certain tests and modifications in the recommended cut off values will be required through future studies...

..The CGIS is suggested as a secondary outcome scale to measure change and response to treatment over time...

..Our aim was to identify biomarkers that may differentiate DLB from Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

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..Non-pharmacological interventions can also be effective but require further study...

..These findings suggest that in some patients with PDD, frontosubcortical changes are the main contributing factor to dementia, whereas in other patients, cortical and hippocampal changes are more important...

..Our findings suggest that WMH in the deep white matter may contribute to dementia in PD...

..More studies are needed to clarify the role of cholinergic and other psychotropic agents as well as nonpharmacologic interventions for psychiatric and behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia...

..This finding may have important clinical implications as a marker of subsequent development of dementia...

..The estimated prevalence of PDD in the general population aged 65 years and over is 0.2 to 0.5%...

..CONCLUSIONS: An operationalized evaluation of severe NSR blind to diagnosis confirmed the high prevalence in DLB and identified high frequencies in Parkinson's disease and PDD with important implications for clinical practice...

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..Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of late-life dementia that can be difficult to differentiate from other disorders, especially Alzheimer disease (AD), during life. At autopsy the striatal dopaminergic transporter is reduced...

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..Clear guidance on the management of DLB is urgently needed. Virtually unrecognised 20 years ago, DLB could within this decade be one of the most treatable neurodegenerative disorders of late life...

..Identification of mild cognitive impairment is important, since these symptoms are important for patient management and may also facilitate to determine prognosis...

..This study strongly suggests that Lewy body disease is the main substrate driving the progression of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease...

..66-0.69). Covariates of this factor were identified using structural equation modeling (SEM) by regression on patient's age, gender, cognitive function (MMSE), activities of daily living (ADL) and depressive symptoms (MADRS)...

..Visual hallucinations appear to predict more rapid decline and possibly greater therapeutic benefit from rivastigmine treatment in PDD...

..There is a convincing genetic overlap between both syndromes, suggesting that they share a common etiological factor...

..05). This study demonstrates distinct combinations of subunits contributing to heteromeric nicotinic receptor binding in the human brain that are area/pathway specific and differentially affected by neurodegeneration...

..These findings raise the question whether PIGD and dementia share common or parallel neuropathology...

..To investigate risk factors and the rate of progression of motor symptoms and disability in a population-based cohort of patients with Parkinson disease (PD)...

..CONCLUSION: The profile of depressive symptoms in PD differs from that in depressed subjects without PD. This finding is important for the conceptualisation and clinical diagnosis of depression in PD...

..Although some placebo-controlled trials have been published recently, no established treatments are currently available for these symptoms (85) (see Table 5-2), and thus future clinical trials are needed...

..Based on the characteristic features associated with this condition, clinical diagnostic criteria for probable and possible PD-D are proposed...

..Few longitudinal studies of dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported, and the proportion of patients with PD who eventually develop dementia is unknown...

..We studied the level of distress in caregivers of patients with recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS), and their relation to clinical characteristics...

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..These criteria require validation and may be refined, but form a starting point for studies of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PDPsy, and are a potential indication for therapy development...

..There was an advance of the activity rhythm acrophase during treatment. These results suggest that short-time bright light improves behavioral symptoms and aspects of activity rhythm disturbances even in severely demented subjects...

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..Cholinergic deficits are prominent in patients who have dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. We investigated the effects of the dual cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine in such patients...

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..These findings show that significant thalamic presynaptic cholinergic deficits occur only in cases of combined cortical and subcortical neurodegeneration in which dementia developed after prolonged parkinsonism...

..To explore the relationship between nursing home patients with different stages of dementia and different dementia diagnoses and use of pain medication according to pain intensity...

..This systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of major depressive disorder in PD is substantial, but lower than generally assumed...