Oye Gureje

..Social factors relating to urbanization and poverty may be associated with the occurrence of disability and inability to access informal care...

..These findings should inform future explorations of the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior...

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..Chronic pain is commonly comorbid with psychiatric disorders. New evidence provides fresh insights into the nature of the link between pain and mental disorders and offers opportunity to refine treatment approaches...

..Community-based studies of the rates and profile of depression among Africans are still sparse...

..Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide but information about it is sparse in Sub-Saharan Africa. Suicide-related behaviours can provide an insight into the extent of this compelling consequence of mental illness...

..To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans...

..However, such estimates need to be considered along with associated functional role impairment in assessing the extent of public health burden due to insomnia...

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..Several studies have examined the use of psychoactive substances among selected groups in Nigeria. Here, we extend the description to include the features of substance dependence...

..74-17.48) was the most consistent social predictor. Even though health factors are important, social factors, in particular those relating to the quality of social support and participation, are the most important predictors of QoL...

..A cross-sectional survey of households selected using multistage stratified sampling...

..Nevertheless, even for identified cases, current treatment coverage falls far short of need...

..Our aim was to estimate the occurrence and effect of major depressive disorder in a large and representative community sample of elderly Africans...

..This study aimed to determine the profile of dementia in a sub-Saharan Africa country and assess its effects on role functioning and quality of life...

..Unfortunately, although not insurmountable, the obstacles for such studies both in terms of implementation and interpretation are considerable...

..To determine the incidence and risk factors for insomnia among an under-studied population of elderly persons in Sub-Saharan Africa...

..Large-scale community studies of the prevalence of mental disorders using standardised assessment tools are rare in sub-Saharan Africa...

..To describe the incidence of dementia in a representative sample of elderly Yoruba Nigerians and provide information about the risk factors...

..New and important information about its status has emerged in recent scientific literature. This review highlights some of the findings of that literature...

..Evidence from developed industrialized countries suggests poor uptake of mental health services. No data exist in developing resource-constrained countries about met and unmet need for mental health service in the community...

..This is a community-based longitudinal epidemiological comparative study of elderly African Americans in Indianapolis and elderly Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria...

..Few studies have examined the neuropsychiatric status of patients with dementia and cognitive impairment in the developing world despite the fact that current demographic trends suggest an urgent need for such studies...

..To compare the effects of depression and chronic physical conditions on disability in elderly persons...

..This lack of association in the Yoruba might reflect genetic variation, environmental factors, as well as genetic/environmental interactions...

..We sought to determine the prevalence of insomnia and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) among community elderly subjects (at least 65 years of age) with subjective tinnitus...

..This study further affirms findings from previous studies of the role of disorders characterized by anxiety and impulse control in suicide attempts and as being a probable link in the transmission of suicidal behavior to offspring...

..The strategies for control of these risk factors and hearing aid support should be integrated into health care policy initiatives for elderly persons in sub-Saharan Africa...

..Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with a variety of mental health problems in adult life...

..The improvement of community tolerance of people with mental illness is important for their integration. Little is known about the knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa...

..We conclude that Stick Design is a reasonable test of visuoconstructional ability in older cohorts with very limited educational exposure and literacy...

..Very few studies have addressed the issue of the cost of mental illness in Sub-saharan Africa. These studies have been largely hospital based, localized, and have addressed only a few mental disorders using very small sample sizes...

..To determine the prevalence and correlates of tinnitus among community elderly and its impact on their quality of life...

..Studies from Africa and developing countries show high prevalence of visual impairment. More information is needed on the community prevalence and impact of visual impairment among elderly Africans...

..The deviation from the normative sequence of drug use occurs albeit infrequently. The public health implications of this are discussed as well as the limitations of the findings...

..Individuals with such symptoms may be identified using self-report questionnaires for dimensional symptoms, such as the GHQ-28...

..Sex and age were the main determinants of transition, with male gender and middle age being risk factors for transition to problematic use of alcohol...

..Early identification of suicidal behaviours in the elderly is therefore important for suicide prevention efforts in this population...

..This, we believe, should improve the quality of pre-service mental health training for community health workers and hopefully impact on mental health service delivery at the primary healthcare level...

..To examine the extent of cross-national variations in the rates and correlates of somatic distress and determine whether this can be ascribed to cultural differences...

..CONCLUSIONS: Self-esteem is often low among persons who have achieved symptomatic recovery from psychosis, is associated with depression and is a predictor of quality of life...

..In this article we review some major epidemiological findings of schizophrenia with a focus on data from the developing world and within the context of the methodological issues and challenges associated with such studies...

..The tutors' students also reported an improvement in the quality of their mental health classes.Conclusion The training had an overall positive impact on the activities of the trainees approximately one year after the workshop...

..Combined into a package, these selected interventions produce one extra year of healthy life at a cost of less than US $320, which is the average per capita income in Nigeria...

..This report provides a description of the work of the Task Force and its recommendations in regard to how the WPA might act to help address the issue...

..Population-wide progress in access to humane mental health care will depend on substantially more attention to politics, leadership, planning, advocacy, and participation...

..Factors contributing to this longitudinal variability in outcomes are reviewed, including the role of medical health factors. The review closes with suggestions for next steps in the epidemiological research of mild cognitive impairment...

..Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases, especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders...

..The prevalence of psychosis and needs for care among homeless people were studied in inner Melbourne...

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..We describe mental health care in 17 countries participating in the WHO world mental health (WMH) survey initiative and examine unmet needs for treatment...

..There are however challenges in assessing rates of depression, exploring manifestations of depression, and understanding risk factors for depression, especially those related to gender...

..For conceptual clarity, we refer to these presentations as "idiopathic somatic complaints and syndromes" (ISCS). This review will also pose specific questions on cultural issues affecting these somatic manifestations...

..The association of mental disorders with back/neck pain showed a consistent pattern across both developed and developing countries...

..Consistency across emotional disorders and cultures would suggest that relatively universal mechanisms underlie the association...

..Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, the prevalence and risk factors for the immediate precursors to suicide - suicidal ideation, plans and attempts - are not wellknown, especially in low- and middle-income countries...

..Identification of genetic risk factors in African Americans is essential for understanding the etiology of AD...

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..Schizophrenia is a highly disabling disease and is costly to treat. We set out to establish what are the most cost-effective interventions applicable to developing regions and countries...

..We argue that, in the end, the process of making sense of evidence is not straightforward and that professional biases and social prejudices often influence decisions...

..This is based primarily on a series of cross-national studies by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, increasing evidence from other research indicates a far more complex picture...